Sanskrit Etymology
Vedalearn Academy

The Sanskrit “Ad” meaning “to eat” has been described as “start (a) of the light (d). It has been said that the meaning behind this is that each morning, especially in a rural environment, the prime duty was to forage, harvest and produce food.

As usual the Sanskrit “A” becomes the European “E” and so this Sanskrit “Ad” meaning “to eat” becomes the Latin “Edo” meaning “to eat” and the Greek “Edo” meaning “to eat”.

This Sanskrit “Ad” then becomes the Sanskrit “Sad” meaning “to sit”. In Vedic culture “sitting” and “eating” were seen as synonymous as one would “sit“ upon the floor to “eat”. From “Sad” we get the Sanskrit “Sidati” meaning “to sit down” “to sit upon” and we get “Sadana” meaning “seat”.

In Europe its the same as the Latin “Edo” meaning “to eat” becomes the Latin “Sedere” meaning “to sit” and the Latin “Sedes” meaning “seat” “chair”. In Greece they dump the first letter “S” and instead of “Sed” they have “Edos” and “Edra” meaning “seat” and “chair”.

This is also seen throughout the European languages as the Sanskrit “Sad” and “Sidati” meaning “to sit down” is seen in the Serbian - Sedati - Czech - Sedet - Latvian - Sedet - Lithuanian - Sedeti - Macedonian - Sedat - Slovenia - Sedeti - Italian - Sedere - Romanian - Sedea - Slovak - Sediet - Bosnian - Sjedati - Bulgarian - Sedya - Danish - Sidde - Ukraine - Sydity - All meaning “to sit” and all related to this Sanskrit “Sad” and “Sidati” meaning “to sit”.

We also have the Sanskrit word for “chair” and “seat” which is “Sadas” and “Sadana” and this is similarly reflected throughout the languages - Bulgaria - Sedalka - Czech - Sedadlo - Bosnia - Sjedalo - Croatia - Sjedalo - Italian - Sede - Danish - Saede - Lithuania - Sedyne - Macedonia - Sediste - Serbian - Sediste - Slovak - Sedadlo - Slovenia - Seder - Spanish - Seda - Polish - Sadzak - Russian - Sidet - Ukraine - Sadzhaty - Latvian - Sedeklis - All meaning “seat” and all related to this Sanskrit “Sadas” and “Sadana” meaning “seat” and “chair”.

The actual words “eat” and “sit” are also derived from Sanskrit, the Sanskrit “Ad” meaning “to eat” becoming the Indo/European “Ed” and from there a succession of subtle language changes involving the Old English “Etan”, the Old Saxon “Etan”, the Old Norse “Eta” and eventually we get the word “eat”, whose journey began as this Sanskrit “Ad”.

The word “sit” begins as the Sanskrit “Sad” and becomes the Indo/European “Sed”. From there it becomes the Danish “Sidde”, the Old Norse “Sitja”, the Gothic “Sitan” and eventually we get the word “sit”, whose journey began as the Sanskrit “Sad”. There many words which come from this “eat” and “sit” whose source is this “Ad” and “Sad”, showing once again that the vast pool of words which make up the European languages have as their source the ancient Sanskrit language.

The letter “A” is related to “beginning” “starting” “movement” “action” and the letter “J” is related to “straightforward motion”. The Sanskrit “Aj” means “to drive” “to propel” “to throw” its related to animals as in “driving“ the herd and also connected to hunting.

In Europe this Sanskrit “Aj” meaning “to drive“ becomes the Indo/European “Ag” meaning “to drive” and from this comes “agitate” “agency” “agenda” “agent” and “agony”. We also get the word “act” meaning “doing” “driving” “impulse” and this creates numerous words such as “action” “actor” “activate” “activity” “actual” “react” “enact” “deactivate” “actuate” “axiom” “fatigue” “interact” “counteract” “overact” “mitigate” “navigate” “retroactive” “protagonist” “pedagogue” “variegate” “transaction” “cogitation” “castigate” “prodigal” “demagogue” and numerous more which are all related to this Sanskrit root “Aj” meaning “to drive” “to propel” “to throw”.

From “Aj” comes “Aja” meaning “the driver” “the leader” “the mover” “Aja” also means “goat” “ram” so this is most probably related to the he-goat who moves the flock. This also gives us “Ajapa” meaning “shepherd”.

We also get “Ajra” meaning “field” “plain” and in Europe this is seen in the Latin “Ager” meaning “field” “plain” and the Greek “Agros” meaning “field” “country” and this gives us the words “Agriculture” and “Acre”. And finally from this Sanskrit root “Aj” meaning “to drive” “to propel” “to throw” is the Sanskrit “Ajira” meaning “rapid” “quick” “wind” “air” “frog” and In Europe this becomes the word “Agile” meaning “nimble” “quick”.

“Sanskrit and Greek, Max Muller informs us, correspond not only in words such as matar, mother ; pitar, father ; duhitar, daughter, which are met in Greek by meter, pater, thugater, but in grammatical terminations. For example, pitar daddati matre duhitaram, would be in Greek ”pater didosi metri thugatera“ the ”father gives to the mother a daughter.” The legends of the Old Testament - Thomas Lumisden Strange.

The Sanskrit “Aks” has been described as “to set in motion (a) a curvilinear movement (ks)”. The Sanskrit dictionary defines “Aks” as “to reach” “to penetrate” “to pervade”.

From “Aks” we get the Sanskrit “Aksa” meaning “axle” “wheel” “axis”, we get the Sanskrit “Aksi” meaning “the eye”. The relationship between “Aksa” meaning “Axle” and “Aksi” meaning “eye” is the “axle” performs a pivotal motion and the “eye” performs the same, allowing one to observe in different directions. We also have the Sanskrit “Saksin” meaning “eye witness”.

In Europe this “Aks” and “Aksa” is seen in the Latin “Axis” meaning “upon that which a body rotates”. In Greece it becomes “Akson” meaning “axle” “wheel” “pole” and these words subsequently produce the word “Axle”.

“Aksa” meaning “axle” and “axis” is reflected throughout the European languages - Danish - Akse - Finnish - Akseli - German - Achse - Norwegian - Aksel - Greek - Akson - Lithuanian - Aksis - In the Slavik languages they seem to have dropped the “K” and we get the Bosnian - Osa - Croatia - Osa - Serbia - Osa - Czech - Osa - Bulgarian - Os - Russian - Os - Slovak - Os - Slovenia - Os - All meaning “Axis” and all in a variety of ways seem to stem from this Sanskrit “Aksa” meaning “axis” “wheel” “axle”.

Phonetically the letters “K” and “G” are the same and this is seen in how the Sanskrit “Aksi” may have travelled throughout the European languages and becomes the word “Eye”. The Lithuanian “Acs”, the Latvian “Akis”, the Greek “Okkos”, the Latin “Oculus”, the Slavik “Oko”, the Swedish “Oga”, the Old Saxon “Aga”, the Old English “Ege” and from these subtle distinctions arose the word “Eye” which although difficult to prove most probably had its beginnings in this Sanskrit “Aksi” meaning “eye”.

The Sanskrit word for “bone” is “Asthi”. In the Vedas we hear of Lord Indras thunderbolt known as the famous “Vajra”. The Demon Vritra had been awarded the boon that he could not be killed by any conventional weapon made from conventional materials such as wood, metal, ect, nor could he be killed by any weapon which existed prior to his boon. While Vritra was sitting pretty Indra was busy churning a weapon made from the bones of the sage Dadhichi. This weapon, the thunderbolt which defeated Vritra was also known as “Asthija” meaning “produced from bones”.

This “Asthi” meaning “bones” is seen in the Avestan “Asti”, the Hittite “Hasti” and the Albanian “Asht”. In Europe this “Asthi” becomes the Indo/European “Ost” meaning “bone” and this is seen in the Greek - Osta - Latin - Os - French - Os - Romanian - Os - Bosnian - K-ost - Bulgarian - K-ost - Croatian - K-ost - Czech - K-ost - Russian - K-ost - Serbian - K-ost - Slovak - K-ost - Slovenian - K-ost - Ukraine - K-osti - All reflecting this Indo/European “Ost” whose origin is this Sanskrit “Asthi” meaning “bone”.

From “Asthi” meaning “bone” we get European words such as - Osteopath - Osteoarthritic - Osteologist - Osteoma - Osteoplasty - Osteoporosis - Osteology - Ostracise - And many more whose ultimate root is this Sanskrit “Asthi” meaning “bone”.

“Bhaga“ is a Sanskrit word meaning “the Sun” “the Moon” “the gracious lord”. From “Bhaga” we get “Bhagavan” meaning “he who possesses all opulences”, these opulences being six in number, beauty, wealth, fame, strength, knowledge and renunciation, one who possesses these in full is known as Bhagavan. We also get the spiritual classic “the Bhagavad Gita”, “Gita” meaning “song” and “Bhagavad Gita” meaning “song of the Lord”.   The Sanskrit “Bhaga” and “Bhagavan” are reflected throughout the European languages as their name for God - Bosnia - Bog - Bulgaria - Bog - Croatia - Bog - Macedonia - Bog - Polish - Bog - Russian - Bog - Serbian - Bog - All meaning God and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Bhaga” and “Bhagavan” meaning “God”. In the Middle East we also have the city of “Baghdad” which is a Sanskrit name, “Bhaga” meaning “God” and “Dada” meaning “gift”, its name being “gift of God”.   As well as meaning ”God“ as previously explained “Bhagavan” also means “one who possesses all opulences” and throughout Europe we see this “Bhagavan” reflected as their word for “opulence” - Bosnia - Bogatstvo - Croatia - Bogatstvo - Bulgarian - Bogatstvo - Latvia - Bagatiba - Macedonia - Bogatstvoto - Polish - Bogactwo - Romania - Bogatie - Russian - Bogatstvo - Serbian - Bogatstvo - Slovak - Bohatstvo - Ukraine - Bhatstvo - All meaning “opulence” and all reflecting the Sanskrit “Bhagavan” meaning “he who possesses all opulences”.

The Sanskrit “Bhr” means “to raise” “to lift up”, the Sanskrit “Bhru” means “brow” “eyebrow” and the Sanskrit “Bhrukuti” means “to frown” “to knit the eyebrows”

It seems to be quite obvious that as well as being cognate with other languages this Sanskrit “Bhru” is most probably the origin of the word “brow”. The Indo/European root is “Bhru” exactly the same, the Proto Germanic root is “Bru”, the Old English is “Bru”, the Old Norse “Brun”, the old Church Slavonic “Bruvi”, the Lithuanian “Bruvis”, the Old Irish “Bru”, all of which seems to reflect this Sanskrit “Bhru” as its origin.

This “Bhru” is seen in the Persian “Abru” meaning “brow” and throughout Europe we see its reflection - Polish - Brew - German - Braue - Iceland - Brun - Ukraine - Brova - Serbia - Obrva - Russian - Brov - Croatian - Obrva - Bosnia - Obrva - All meaning “brow” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Bhru” meaning “brow” and “eyebrow”.

The word “Bhu” is a Sanskrit root meaning “to exist” “to dwell” “to be”. As we all require space in which “to exist” “to dwell” “to be” it also means “land” “ground” “floor” “soil” “country“ “earth” “universe”. This then becomes “Bhumi” meaning “ground” “floor” “land” “soil” “earth” “country” and we also get “Bhumidevi” the personality who administrates mother earth. Other words whose root is this Sanskrit “Bhu” are “Bhuta” meaning “to become” “spirit” “ghost” and “Bhuti” meaning “existence” and also “Bhuvana” meaning “being” “mankind” “world”.

This Sanskrit “Bhu” meaning “to exist” “to be” “to dwell” becomes the Indo/european root “Bhu” meaning “to exist” “to be” “to dwell”. This “Bhu” then becomes the word “Bottom” meaning “the lowest part”, it becomes the Persian “Buna” meaning “bottom”, the Proto German “Buthm” and the Old English “Boden” meaning “ground” “foundation” “lowest part”, it becomes the German “Boden” meaning “ground” “earth” “soil”, the Dutch “Bodem” the Old English “Botm” and eventually the word “Bottom” meaning “the lowest part” whose ultimate root is this Sanskrit “Bhu”.

The word “Build” also comes from this Sanskrit “Bhu” with “Build” meaning “to construct a place in which to be or to dwell”. It travels from the Indo/european “Bhu” and throughout Europe as the Proto Germanic “Buthlam”, Old Saxon “Bodl”, Old Frisian “Bodel”, Old English “Byldan” and eventually the word “Build” whose ultimate source is this Sanskrit “Bhu”.

“It was in India, however, that there rose a body of knowledge which was destined to revolutionize European ideas about language. Panini Grammar taught Europeans to analyze speech forms, when one compared the constituent parts, the resemblances, which hitherto had been vaguely recognized, they could be set forth with certainty and precision. Here at home we prefer to call Sanskrit a dead language, and instead, with enthusiasm and hubris, choose to learn German“. Renowned American linguist Leonard Bloomfield - American linguist who led the development of structural linguistics in the United States during the 1930s and the 1940s. “Jan” as previously explained is a Sanskrit word which means “birth”. From this “Jan” we get the Sanskrit “Janus” which means “birth” “creation”. In the Roman pantheon of Gods we have “Janus” whose name means “the God of beginnings”. Janus is shown as having two faces as he looks to the future and the past. On the doors, gateways and entrances throughout Rome the deity of Janus would be displayed. Janus then becomes the month of January because January is the beginning of the year which is the meaning of Janus and ultimately this comes from the Sanskrit “Jan” and “Janus” meaning “birth”.

The Vedas present the ancient Varnashrama system, the four social orders structured to accommodate ones psycho/physical nature. These four orders was seen as the social body, the Brahmans being the head, the Ksatriyas the arms, the Vaisyas the stomach and the Sudras the legs, when this social body was in full co-operation it produced the most powerful civilisation ever known.

The second order of society was known as the Ksatriyas, in Sanskrit we have the word “Ksat” meaning “to hurt” we have “Ksatra” meaning “governing body” “warrior” “reigning order” “power” and from this we get the word “Ksatriya” meaning “warrior” “king” “ruler”. We also have the Sanskrit “Naksatra” which is “Na” meaning “waters” and “Ksatra” meaning “rules” “governs” the meaning being “one who rules the cosmic waters”.

In Europe this “Ksatra” becomes the Greek “Satrapes” meaning “govenor” and the Latin “Satrapes” which also means “governor”.

In Persia “Ksatra” and “Ksatriya” become the Persian “Xshathra” meaning “kingdom” “dominion”. In the Avestan which are the scriptures of Persia we find the term “Xshathra Vairya” meaning “the chosen rule”. The “Xshathra” is the Sanskrit “Ksatra” meaning “rule” and the “Vairya” is the Sanskrit “Varya” meaning “chosen”.

This Persia “Xshathra” then becomes the Persian “shahriyar” meaning “king” “lord”. Throughout Iran we find this “Shahriyar” as personal names and place names. In Tehran we find the city of “Shahriyar”, in Fars we find the city of “Shahriyar” and in Lorestan we find the city of “Shahriyar”. From “Shahriyar” we also get the Persian word “Shah” meaning “king” all of which has travelled from this Sanskrit “Ksatra” and “Ksatriya” meaning “warrior” “king” “ruler”.

From “Ksatra” and “Ksatriya” we also get the Persian king “Xerxes” who ruled throughout Persia some 2500 years ago. His name is pronounced “Xsayarsa” meaning “one who rules over heroes” and once again its linguistic source has travelled from the shores of Vedic India as this “Ksatra” and “Ksatriya” meaning “warrior” “ruler”.

The words “chess” and “check mate” also comes from this Sanskrit “Ksatra”, the “check” travelling from the Sanskrit “Ksatra”, the Persian “Shah”, the French “Eschec” and the Latin “Scaccus”. The word “Mate” is from the Sanskrit “Matha” meaning “killing” “destruction” the word “check mate” meaning “the king is dead”. This should be no surprise for fellow Vedantists knowing that Chess like everything else came from the shores of Vedic India.

“It is true that even across the Himalayan barrier India has sent to the west, such gifts as grammar and logic, philosophy and fables, hypnotism and chess, and above all numerals and the decimal system.” Will Durant, American Historian.

Brown comes from the Sanskrit Babhru, meaning deep brown, reddish brown, tawny ( as in the brown tawny owl ) and reddish brown cow. In Europe it becomes the Old English Brun, the Norse Brunn, the Danish Brun, the Dutch Bruin, the German Braun, the Latin Brunus, Italian Bruno and the French Brun. The good old English eventually come to the rescue and civilise everyone with the globally recognised brown, however, as with most things, it originated in the Sanskrit language.

The Sanskrit “Bud” means “to perceive” “to learn” from “Bud” we get “Budh” meaning “to wake up” “to know” “to understand” “to arouse”. From “Budh” we then get “Buddha” meaning “awakened” “enlightened” “expanded” “conscious” “sage”.

“Buddha” is the name which was awarded to Siddhartha due to his “awakened” “enlightened” state and so he became “Buddha” the “awakened one”.

We also have “Buddhi” meaning “intelligence” “reason” “perception” “realisation”. In the Vedas we have “Buddhi yoga” meaning “one who links to the Supreme through intelligence”.

The Sanskrit “Bud” and “Buddha” meaning “awakened” is seen throughout the European languages - Bulgaria - Budya - Serbian - Budan - Slovenia - Buden - Croatia - Budna - Lithuania - Budrus - Bosnia - Buden - Macedonia - Buden - Polish - Budzik - Russian - Budit - Slovak - Pre-budit - Czech - Pro-budit - Belorussia - A-budzany - Ukraine - Budyty - All meaning “awake” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Bud” and “Buddha” meaning “awakened” “enlightened”.

“The creation of Sanskrit, the “refined” language, was a prodigious work on a grand scale. Grammarians and semanticists of genius undertook to create a perfect language, artificial and permanent, belonging to no one, that was to become the language of the entire culture. Sanskrit is built on a basis of Vedic and the Prakrits, but has a much more complex grammar, established according to a rigorous logic. It has an immense vocabulary and a very adaptable grammar, so that words can be grouped together to express any nuance of an idea, and verb forms can be found to cover any possibility of tense, such as future intentional in the past, present continuing into the future, and so on. Furthermore, Sanskrit possesses a wealth of abstract nouns, technical and philosophical terms unknown in any other language. Modern Indian scholars of Sanskrit culture have often remarked that many of the new concepts of nuclear physics or modern psychology are easy for them to grasp, since they correspond exactly to familiar notions of Sanskrit terminology.” A Brief History of India - By Alain Danielou p. 57-58).

Crimson is from Krmija, a Sanskrit word which, as everyone knows, means “produced from a worm”. It is a dye which comes from the dried body of an insect called Kermes. In Persia it becomes Quirmaz and off it goes to Europe where in Spain it becomes Cremesin and eventually that which left the home of Vedic India as Krmija is known globally as Crimson.

In Europe this “Dam” meaning “House” is seen in the Latin “Domus” meaning “House”, the Latin “Dominus” meaning “Master of the house” and the Latin “Domesticus” meaning “Belonging to the house”. In Greece we see this “Dam“ in the Greek “Doma” and “Domos” meaning “House”.

In the Slavik languages this Sanskrit Dam becomes the Bosnian - Dom - Belarussian - Dom - Bulgarian - Dom - Croatian - Dom - Czech - Dum - Macedonia - Dom - Poland - Dom - Russia - Dom - Serbia - Dom - Ukraine - Dim - Slovak - Domov - Portuguese - Domicillio - Romania - Domiciliu - All meaning house and all ultimately reflecting this Sanskrit “Dam” meaning “House”.

In Sanskrit “Dam” also means “Tame” “Subdue” and its not difficult to see the inherent similarities between “Tame” and “House” just think of a domesticated animal as opposed to one which lives in the wild and you will see why “Tame” and “House” are expressed with the same word. From “Dam” we get the Sanskrit “Damita” meaning “Tamed” and “Damya” meaning “Tameable”.

In Latin its the same, the root “Dom” meaning “House” becomes “Domo” and “Domare” meaning “To tame” “To subdue” it also becomes “Domitor” meaning “Tamer” and also “Domatrix” meaning a “Female Tamer”. Similarly in Greek where their root “Dom” for “House” becomes “Dam” for “Tame” which we see in the Greek “Damao” meaning “To tame” and “Damastes” meaning “Tamer” and “Adamus” meaning “Untameable“. Its also interesting how the Greeks apply the same process we find in Sanskrit of applying the letter “A” before the word “Dam” to denote the opposite meaning as in “A-damus” meaning “Untameable”.

The rest of the European languages also use the same root “Dom“ for “House” as they do for the word “Tame”. In Latvia its Domo - Lithuania - Nje-domus - Czech - Domac - Portuguese - Domor - All meaning “Tame” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Dam” meaning the same. We can also add to this list the Serbian - Pitom - Croatian - Pitom - Bosnian - Pitom - Bulgarian - Pitomen - Its pretty much certain that this “D” has been replaced by a phonetically similar “T” hence “Pi-dom” becomes “Pi-tom”.

This Sanskrit/Latin Dam/Dom meaning “House“ has produced words such as “Domestic” Dominate” “Domicile” “Dome” “Kingdom” “Freedom” “Domain” “Domino” “Dominique” “Dominion” “Domesday” “Adamant”.

So what came first, the Sanskrit “Dam” or the Latin “Dom”. The Sanskrit “M” from which we get the Sanskrit root “Ma” meaning “Measure” “Limit” is integral to the meaning of the word “Dam”. Think of an industrial “Dam” which “Limits” and “Measures” the movement of water. Think of a house “Dam” which is a “Limit” or “Measurement” between walls. Consider the word “Dom-inate” which means to “Limit” or “Measure” another persons freedom. This is the inherent nature of Sanskrit words such as “M” whose presence in the word “Dam” automatically gives an inherent attribute to the word which is part of its integral meaning and when we then see how these words intimately reflect the purpose and origin of the Vedas themselves its quite difficult to imagine Sanskrit simply pinching words from another language.

“Dam” in Sanskrit means “to conquer” “to tame” “to subdue” “to domesticate”. From “Dam” we get “Dama” meaning “to subdue” “to tame” “punishment”. This is seen in the word “Damodara”, famous throughout India as the “Damodara Lila” where mother Yasoda tries to “punish” child Krsna by tying him to a grinding mortar. “Dama” means “rope” and “Udara” means “belly” “Damodara” means “Krsna who is bound around the belly by ropes”. We also have the Princess of Vidarbha “Damayanti” who married Nala the King of Nishada, her name means “one who subdues”, “Damaya” meaning “to control one self” “to subdue”.

This Sanskrit “Dam” meaning “to conquer” “to subdue” “to tame“ becomes the Greek “Daman” meaning “to subdue” “to tame” it also becomes the Latin “Domare” meaning “to tame” “to subdue” and from this numerous words are produced relating to “taming” and “conquering” such as the word “dominate” and words relating to the “home” such as “dominion” and “domestic”.

The “Dam” which becomes the Greek “Daman” then becomes the Greek “Adaman”. As with Sanskrit the Greeks have placed an “A” before the word to denote an opposite meaning and so “Daman” which meant “conquer” “tame” becomes “Adaman” meaning “unconquerable” “inflexible” “hard” “unbreakable” and from this comes the word “Adamant” meaning “unshakeable” “unbreakable“. This “Adaman” then becomes the Greek “Adamantinos” and from this comes the word “Diamond” whose qualities were seen as “hard” “tough” “inflexible” “unbreakable. Its interesting to reflect that “Diamond” is one of many precious stones whose names have Sanskrit origin,

“Opal” from the Sanskrit “Upala”, “Emerald” from Sanskrit “Maragdam”, “Ruby” from Sanskrit “Rudhira”, “Onyx” from Sanskrit “Nakha”, “Sapphire” from Sanskrit “Shanipriya” and “Topaz” from Sanskrit “Tapas” are just a few examples.

The word “tame” travels throughout the languages as the Indo/European “Deme”, Persian “Dam”, Greek “Daman”, Latin “Domare”, Old Irish “Damnaim” and as often happens the “D” becomes a phonetically similar “T” and its journey continues as the Dutch “Tam”, the Old English “Tam”, the Proto Germanic “Tamaz”, the Old Norse “Tamr” and eventually the word “Tame” whose journey began from Vedic shores as the Sanskrit “Dam” meaning “to tame” “to subdue” “to conquer”.

In Sanskrit also the word for house is “Dama”, it also means “home” “abode” “domesticate” “tame” “subdue”. From “Dam” we get “Dampati” meaning “Lord of the house”, “Damya” meaning “Homely” and “Damunas” meaning “Friend of the house”. In Europe this becomes the Latin Domus meaning “house”, the Latin Dominus meaning “master of the house” and the Latin Domesticus meaning “belonging to the house”. In Greece it becomes the Greek “Doma” and “Domas”.

“Dama“ is a dhatu rupa (word formation) formed by two dhatus (roots). “Da” means “to grant” “to protect” “to defend” “to purify” and “Ma” means “to measure” “to limit”. Together these two dhatus give us the dhatu rupa ”Dama“ meaning “to limit” “the limit of ones protection” “the limit of ones defence” “the limit of that which has been granted” “the limit of that which purifies”. In ancient times this very much described the nature of ones house, a space which was limited within four walls.

Think of an industrial “Dam” which “limits“ the flow of water, think of a house “Dam” which is a “limit” or “measurement” between four walls, consider the word “Dom-inate” which means to “limit” or “measure” another persons freedom. So this is the etymological structure of the word “Dama” and its difficult to imagine this word coming from Europe or anywhere else as its etymological structure belongs to the science of Sanskrit.

A “house” or a “home” is not an ordinary thing they are of the upmost importance in any civilisation and so their name also reflects something important they are not whimsical, mundane words and when we see the same word shared by Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Slavik and the rest of the European languages we should understand that at one time large parts of the world once shared a common language  -  Sanskrit  -  Dama  -  Greek  -  Doma  -  Latin  -  Domus  -  Bosnian  -  Dom  -  Belarussian  -  Dom  -  Bulgarian  -   Dom  -  Croatian  -  Dom  -  Czech  -  Dum  -  Macedonia  -  Dom  -  Poland  -  Dom  -  Russia  -  Dom  -  Serbia  -  Dom  -  Ukraine  -  Dim  -  Slovak  -  Domov  -  Portuguese  -  Domicillio  -  Romania  -  Domiciliu  -  All meaning house and all ultimately reflecting this Sanskrit “Dam” meaning “House”.   This Sanskrit/Latin Dam/Dom meaning “House“ has produced words such as “Domestic” Dominate” “Domicile” “Dome” “Kingdom” “Freedom” “Domain” “Domino” “Dominique” “Dominion” “Domesday” “Adamant”.   ”India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe’s languages: she was the mother of our philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of the ideals embodied in Christianity; mother, through the village community, of self-government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all“. Will Durant, The Case for India.  

Its name like many of the major European rivers comes from the great Vedic Goddess Devi Danu. In Latin the river is called “Rho-danus”, in Italy its “Rodano”, in Greece its “Rho-danus”, the Gauls knew it as “Rodonos” and the French knew it as “Rho-Danian” all reflecting this ancient Vedic Goddess Devi Danu.

Danu is one of the thirteen daughters of Daksa given as wives to the great sage Kashyapa Muni. As divine beings it was their duty to populate the universe with good progeny. Her name is seen throughout Europe as the Danube, appearing along with the ancient Celts in the black forest of Germany in the town which bears her name “Donaueschingen”. From there she flows throughout Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Moldava, Romania and eventually flows into the black sea.

In Aberdeenshire, Tyne and wear, Yorkshire and Lancashire she appears as the river Don. In Russia the Don river is one of its biggest, flowing for some 2000 kilometres and again its source being the Goddess Danu. She appears throughout Eastern Europe as the Dnieper, one of the four major rivers of Europe its name being a combination of “Danu” and “Apara”. When two of its four major rivers, the Danube and the Dnieper are named after the ancient Vedic Goddess Devi Danu its not too difficult to assert that the roots of ancient Europe are Vedic. On she continues throughout Eastern Europe as the Donets and Dniester as Devi Danu personifies the great waterways of Europe.

“Among the ancient Celts, Danu was regarded as the ”Mother Goddess.“ The Irish Gods and Goddesses were the Tuatha De Danaan (”Children of Danu“). Danu was the ”divine waters“ falling from heaven and nurturing Bíle, the sacred oak from whose acorns their children sprang. Moreover, the waters of Danu went on to create the great Celtic sacred river “Danuvius” today called the “Danube“. Many European rivers bear the name of Danu such as the Rhône (Ro- Dhanu, ”Great Danu“) and several rivers called Don. Rivers were sacred in the Celtic world, and places where votive offerings were deposited and burials often conducted”. Peter Beresford Ellis - Historian, novelist and foremost expert on Celtic history.

The word for “wood“ in Sanskrit is “Dru” meaning “wood” and “tree”, we also have “Daru” meaning “wood” “timber” and we have “Darva” and “Dava” meaning “forest” “tree” and “wood”.

Throughout Europe this “Dru” “Daru” and “Darva” is reflected throughout the languages as in Bosnian - Drva - Bulgarian - Durva - Croatian - Drva - Belarussian - Dreva - Serbian - Drva - Czech - Drevo - Macedonia - Drvo - Russia - Drova - Slovak - Drevo - Ukraine - Derevo - Polish - Drewno - All meaning “wood” and all related to this Sanskrit “Darva” “Dru” and “Daru” meaning “wood” and “tree”.

We also find this same relationship with the European name for “tree”, in Sanskrit this is “Dru” and “Dava” and its reflection is seen in the Bosnian - Drva - Belarussian - Dreva - Croatian - Drva - Bulgarian - Durvo - Macedonian - Drvo - Russian - Drevo - Ukraine - Derevo - Serbian - Drvo - Slovenia - Drevo - All meaning “tree” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Dru” and “Dava” meaning “tree”.

We also have the word itself “tree” which is reflected in the Sanskrit “Dru” which then becomes the Indo/European “Drew” which migrates throughout the languages as the Greek “Drys”, the Serbian “Drvo”, the Russian “Drevo” and as the “D” becomes replaced by a phonetically similar “T” the “Dru” becomes “Tru” and we get the Proto/Germanic “Treuwaz”, the Old English “Treow”, the Old Saxon “Trio”, the Old Norse “Tre” and eventually we arrive at the globally recognised “Tree” whose journey began as the Sanskrit “Dru” meaning “tree”.

As affirmation that this Sanskrit “Dru” is the source of the word “tree” we find this “Dru” in the name for the ancient priests of Europe, the Druids. The Druids were spread throughout Britain, Ireland and France, they were like the Brahmans of India and the Magi of Persia, a powerful priestly class.

The temple of the Druids was the forest and their Gods were the trees, especially the oak. Pliny the elder, a Roman philosopher who lived in their time said the following “The Druids, that is what they call their magicians, hold nothing more sacred than the mistletoe and the tree upon which it is growing, provided it is a hard timbered oak …. mistletoe is rare and when found it is gathered with great ceremony and particularly upon the 6th day of the moon”.

The word “Druid” is actually “Dru-vid”, the “Vid” being Sanskrit for “to know”, it is the root of the word “Veda” meaning “knowledge”. The word “Dru” we have already explained as being Sanskrit for “tree” and also the source of the word “tree”. It seems that the word “Druid” means “one who knows the trees” which is further evidence that this Sanskrit “Dru” is the source of the word “tree”. There is a second explanation for the word “Druid” which is that the word “Dru” according to Sanskrit means “firm and fixed” which is the characteristic of the “tree” and so the meaning of “Druid” or “Druvid” is to be “fixed in knowledge” either way it comes from this Sanskrit “Dru” and “Vid” meaning “tree” and “knowledge”.

Another word which comes from this Sanskrit “Dru” is the European word “True”. As mentioned as well as meaning “tree” the Sanskrit “Dru” means “firm” “fixed” which are some of the characteristics of a tree. This Sanskrit “Dru” becomes the Indo/European “Drew” and “Dreu” meaning “firm” “solid” “steadfast”, it then becomes the Old English “Triewe” meaning “faithful” “honest” “trustworthy”, the Proto/Germanic “Treuwaz”, the German “Treu” and eventually the word “true” all related to this Sanskrit “Dru” meaning “tree” “firm” “fixed”. From this we get “Trust” “Truth” “Trustee” “Mistrust” “Entrust” “Distrust” “Tryst” “Trow” and many more.

And finally we have “Dhruva” the son of a Ksatriya who was insulted as a young boy and with true Ksatriya determination he set out for the forest to find Visnu. “Dru” as we have explained means “tree” and also “fixed and firm” which are characteristics of a “tree”. Dhruva was “fixed” in his determination to find Visnu and later he was given his own planet “Dhruvaloka” the “polestar” which is “fixed” in its orbit and whose axial rotation is the hub for the universe which turns like a revolving chandelier. This is the meaning of the name of the great “Dhruva” who was “fixed” in his determination and who is immortalised as “Dhruvaloka” the “Polestar” which is “fixed” in its orbit.

The Vedas speak of the city of Lord Krsna known as “Dvarka”, it is one of the saptapuris, the seven holy pilgrimages of India. The word “Dvarka” means “the city of gates” “Dvar” meaning “door” “gate” “entrance”. We also have the city of “Haridwar” known by some as “the gateway to Hari (Lord Visnu)” and by others as “the gateway to Hara (Lord Siva)”. Haridwar was also the home of the great personality Sati Devi, the wife of Lord Siva. From “Dvar” we also get the Sanskrit “Dvarata” meaning “door” “gate” “access” “way” “entrance”

In Europe the Sanskrit “Dvar” and “Dvarata” meaning “door” is seen throughout the European languages - Bosnia - Vrata - Bulgaria - Vrata - Croatia - Vrata - Czech - Vrata - Macedonia - Vrata - Serbia - Vrata - Slovenia - Vrata - All meaning “door” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Dvarata” meaning “door”. We even have the Ukranian “Dveri”, the Russian “Dver” and the Slovak “Dvere” meaning “door” and at least hinting that the Slavik “Vrata” was originally “Dvrata” which is the same as the Sanskrit “Dvarata” meaning “door”.

The Indo/European root for the word “door” is “Dhwer” which is no different than the Sanskrit “Dvar”. We also have the Persian “Duvara”, the Old Prussian “Dwaris”, the Russian “Dver” and combined with the Gothic “Duaro”, the Old Saxon “Duru”, the Old Frisian “Dure” and the Old English “Dor” we end up with the word “door” which is reflected throughout the European languages by this Sanskrit “Dvar” and “Dvarata” meaning “door” “gate” “entrance”

The Sanskrit “Dyu” means “heaven” “sky” “glow” and from this we get the Latin “Deus” meaning “God”. We then have the Sanskrit “Dyu Pita” meaning “father in heaven” and from this comes the Latin “Jupiter” meaning the “father of the Gods” and one of the largest planets within our solar system.

In Greece their name for “Jupiter” their “father in heaven” was “Zeus”. Once again we find the source is this Sanskrit “Dyu” which then becomes the Latin “Deus” which in turn becomes the Greek “Zeus”.

Not content in providing the Greeks and Romans with the names for their Gods, the Sanskrit “Dyu” also becomes the source of the Latin “Theo” once again meaning “God”. The “Dyu” becomes “Deus” and then the “D” becomes a phonetically similar “TH”, the “EU” becomes “EO”, they drop the “S” and behold the God of “Theo” is born and with it many Avatars such as “Theosophy” “Theist” “Atheist” “Theodicy” “Monotheism” “Theocracy” “Theology” “Pantheon” “Enthusiasm” all of which come from this Sanskrit “Dyu” meaning “heaven”.

As well as “Deus” this Sanskrit “Dyu” has provided the European languages with other words such as “Divine” “Divinity” “Agnus Dei” “Adieu” and also Wolfgang Theophilus Mozart who unhappy with his middle name “Theophilus” changed it to the Latin version where the “Theo” becomes “Deus” meaning “God” and the “Philus” becomes “Amare” meaning “to love” hence the worlds greatest composer was known as “Amadeus” meaning “to love God“ all provided by this Sanskrit “Dyu” meaning “heaven”.

“In the Vedic language we have the foundation, not only of the glowing legends of Hellas (Greece), but of the dark and sombre mythology of the Scandinavian and the Teuton” (Cox, Mythology of the Aryan Nations, I., 52, 53).

Emerald is the light green colour of the emerald gem stone. Its name comes from Marag and Maragdam, Sanskrit names which describe a gemstone. From Maragdam we journey to Lazio and the Latinis, a Indo/European people who developed and produced Latin. Maragdam becomes Smaragdus and not to be outdone by their classical neighbours the Greeks come up with Smaragdos. Someone, probably the Greeks, decided to add a customary E in front of the name making it Esmaraldus and eventually what departed the Indian shores as Marag and Maragdom becomes the globally recognised Emerald.

Throughout Europe we see the Sanskrit S becoming a European H and a Sanskrit V becoming a European W. There are numerous examples of this, the most obvious being the Sanskrit Vid which means “to see” “to know” and which becomes the German Wit meaning the same. And so the Sanskrit word for white, Sveta and Svita becomes the old English Hwit, the Norse Hvitr, the Gothic Hveits, the Danish Hvid, the Icelandic Hvitur, the Swedish Vit and the Dutch Wit. Eventually after many years of European scrabble we arrive at the word white, which began its journey from Vedic India as the Sanskrit words Sveta and Svita.

*Indigo Indigo is named after a dye which was produced in India from a plant. India were the first producers of this much sought after dye, being the prime suppliers to Europe going back as far as Greco/Roman times. Indeed the Greek word for dye is Indikon which was then Latinised in its usual pompous way by the Romans as Indicum and finally baptised by the English as Indigo.

In Sanskrit the word “Hima” means “cold” “frost” “snow” “winter”, its most famously known throughout the world as the “Himalayas”, “Hima” meaning “snow” and “Alaya” meaning “abode”, “the abode of snow”. 5000 years ago Lord Krsna immortalised the “Himalayas” in his Bhagavad Gita -   “ Of the great sages I am Bhrigu, of vibrations I am the transcendental Aum, of sacrifices I am the chanting of the holy names, and of immovable things I am the Himalayas “. Gita 10.25. From “Hima” we get the Sanskrit “Hemanta” meaning “winter” and “cold season” and we get “Haima” meaning “wintry” and “produced by snow”.   In Europe this Sanskrit “Hima” is found in the Latin “Hiemalis” meaning “wintry”  “Hiematio” meaning “wintering” and “Hiemo” meaning “to winter”. The Greeks just slap a “K” on the word and we have “K-hiema” meaning “winter” “cold” “frost”, we have “K-hiemon” meaning “winter season” and “K-hiemasia” meaning “the passing of winter”.   Throughout Europe they replace the Sanskrit “H” with a Slavik “Z”. Belarussia - Zima - Bosnia - Zima - Bulgaria - Zima - Croatia - Zima - Czech - Zima - Macedonia - Zima - Poland - Zima - Russia - Zima - Serbia - Zima - Slovak - Zima - Slovenia - Zima - Ukraine - Zyma - Latvia - Ziema - Lithuania - Ziema - All meaning “winter” and all coming from this Sanskrit “Hima” meaning “winter” and “snow”.   Many are the discussions that debate which came first, the Sanskrit, Latin, Greek or Slavik. I am sure however, we can all agree that this “Hima” which we can see reflected throughout all these languages belongs wholly to India, the Vedas and its world famous Himalayas.   And finally we also have the word “Hibernate” which means “the passing of winter” and whose existence can also be traced to this Sanskrit “Hima” meaning “winter” and “snow”.   “The Sanskrit grammarians of India were the first to analyze word forms, to recognize the difference between root and suffix, to determine the functions of suffixes and on the whole to elaborate a grammatical system so accurate and complete as to be unparalleled in any other country.” Arthur A. Macdonell  -  Boden Professor of Sanskrit author of History of Sanskrit Literature

And finally we have the word “God” itself, which comes from the Sanskrit “Huta” meaning “to invoke” “to call upon” “to sacrifice to” “to summon”. This “Huta” becomes the Indo/European “Ghut”, the Proto Germanic “Guthan”, the German “Gott”, the Swedish “Gud” and eventually “God” which as usual begins its journey from the shores of Vedic India as the Sanskrit “Huta” meaning “to invoke” “to call upon” “to summon”.

“Sanskrit is the artificial language par excellence, patiently refined sound by sound…embracing all the levels of being physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual. It is ideally suited to describe and govern the nature of phenomena from the spiritual level to the physical. This range of applicability in the realm of nature paradoxically makes this most artificial language the most natural language, the language of nature.” Jean Le Mee  Emeritus Professor of Engineering at the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City.

The Sanskrit “Ina” means the “Sun” “lord” “master” “King” “powerful” “bold” “strong” “glorious”

The ancient name of Peloponnesus which covered a large area of southern Greece was originally called Inachia. Ina is Sanskrit for the sun and Inachia simply means the land of the sun. There is a lot of evidence that this is also where the Incas get their name from, being famous as sun worshippers. Its interesting to note that the biggest festival each year observed by the Incas was called the Rama-Sitva which they have now disguised as the Inti Raymi. Sir William Jones however has preserved this historical fact in the following quote:

“Rama is represented as a descendant from the sun, as the husband of Sita, and the son of a princess named Causelya. It is very remarkable that Peruvians, whose Incas boasted of the same descent, styled their greatest festival Rama-Sitva - hence we may take it that South America was peopled by the same race who imported into the farthest parts of Asia the rites and the fabulous history of Rama.” (source: Asiatic Researches Volume I. p. 426)

We also have the testimony of the Roman historian Eusebius who observed “The country was called Inachia, after King Inachus. He began to rule the Argives at the time of Thurimachus, who was the seventh king of the Sicyonians. “

In Peru we also find the ruins of the ancient observatory named “Inthihuatana”, this is two Sanskrit words “Ina” meaning the “Sun” and “Hayana” meaning the yearly solstices. As verification in the “Brihat Prashara Hora Sastra” there is the term “Inthiha” indicating a planetary alignment which reflects light back to earth. Compare the two, the Sanskrit “Inthiha” and the Peruvian “Inthihuatana” and when we consider they are both astrological observations we shall conclude that both words are from the same source.

“There is nothing strange in the fact that much of the religious mythology of the Mexicans and Peruvians was undoubtedly of Asiatic origin. Both the Inca and Mayan civilisations, even their languages had much in common with our own, inherited from the same far eastern cradle of the race” Miles Poindexter - American ambassador to Peru.

Sanskrit is a beautiful sound, the language of the Gods, it fully harmonises the relationship between the anatomy of the mouth, the movements of prana and the natural sounds found within nature. The Sanskrit mantras in this song are from the Sri Isopanisad, a name meaning “knowledge which brings one closer to the supreme” the “Iso” meaning “Isa” the “supreme”, the “Upa” meaning “down” “near” and the “Sad” meaning “sitting”

The Sanskrit “Ja” means “born” “produced” “race” “tribe” “birth” “offspring” the Sanskrit “Jan” means “generate” “beget” “cause” “create” “grow” the Sanskrit “Jana” means “birth” “tribe” “people” “race” “man” “origin” the Sanskrit “Janus” means “birth” “descent” “class” the Sanskrit “Jani” means “wife” “mother” woman” the Sanskrit “Janika” means “daughter in law” the Sanskrit “Janitra” means “parents” “relatives” and the Sanskrit “Janitri” means “mother“. All from the Sanskrit root “Ja” and all related to birth and family.

In Europe the Sanskrit “Jan” becomes the Indo/European root “Gene” we see it in the Latin “Geno” meaning “to bring forth” and from this emerges the word “generate”. In Greek it becomes “Genna” and “Gennisi” meaning “birth”.

The Sanskrit “Janitri” meaning “mother” and “that which gives birth” becomes the Latin “Genitrix” meaning “mother” and “Genitor” meaning “father”. In Greece this Sanskrit “Janitri” meaning “mother” becomes the Greek “Geneteira” meaning “mother” and “Genetor” meaning “father”.

The Sanskrit “Janita” meaning “born” “produced” “begotten” becomes the Latin “Genitus” meaning “begotten” and the Latin “Genius” meaning “to generate divinity” and in Greece this Sanskrit “Janita” meaning “begotten” becomes the Greek “Genitor” meaning “begotten”.

The Sanskrit “Janus” meaning “birth” “descent” becomes the Latin “Genus” meaning “birth” “descent” “origin” and from this we get the Biblical “Genesis” meaning “birth” “origin” “creation“ and in Greece it becomes “Genos” meaning “race” “family” “stock” and from this we get the word “Gene” and “Genetics” meaning “generation” “race” “stock”.

From this Sanskrit “Janus” meaning “birth” “creation” we also get the Roman God of “beginnings” known as “Janus”. In India on the doors, gates and entrances you will find “Ganesh” and throughout Rome adorning the gates, doors and entrances was the image of “Janus” the God of “Beginnings” whose name comes from this Sanskrit “Jana” and “Janus” meaning “birth” and “creation”. “Janus” then becomes the month of “January” as this is the “beginning” or the “birth” of a new year.

The Sanskrit “Ja” also becomes the Sanskrit “Praja” meaning “to produce offspring” and this becomes the Latin “Progeny” meaning “to produce offspring” and in Greece it becomes “Progonoi” meaning “offspring” “descendants” “ancestors”.

We also have “Rio De Janeiro” the city of Brazil. Its name is apparently “the “river of January” and although i agree with its components i think it once meant something more deeper and relevant. The “Janeiro” comes from “Janus” meaning “the beginning” and this comes from the Sanskrit “Jana” and “Janus“ meaning “birth” “origin” “creation”. The “Rio” is from the Sanskrit “Rina” and “Rinati” meaning “to flow” from which we get the name of the German river “Rhine” and the “De” is also related to Sanskrit being cognate with the Sanskrit “Dis” meaning “direction” so “Rio De Janeiro” is ultimately from the Sanskrit “Jana” and “Rina”.

Much more can be said regarding the influence of this Sanskrit root “Ja” and its word formations such as “Jana” and “Janus” however we conclude with a list of words which is ultimately formed from this Sanskrit “Ja” and “Jana”.

Progeny - Gene - Genetic - Genome - Oxygen - Hydrogen - Nitrogen - Glycogen - Genius - Ingenius - Genoa - Gentle - Gentleman - Gentile - Germ - German - Indigenous - Gender - Kin - Kindred - Kind - Geneology - General - Generation.

Generic - Generous - Genevieve - Generate - Genus - Janus - January - Janitor - Genesis - Progenitor - Erogenous - Genitals - Psychogenesis - Biogenesis - Phylogeny - Gendarme - Degenerate - Generatrix - Genial - Genie - Genocide - Ginseng - Genteel - Gentry - Genuine.

“I take issue with the old school of thought that the cultural and civic life we Westerners enjoy originated in the works of Greek and Roman philosophers. Instead the mind and soul that inspired our words sprang from neither Greece nor Rome, but from an Indo/European homeland located much further north. In truth according to my studies the history of we Westerners does not begin with the Greeks, we were invented along with the Greeks by Vedic poet seers through their mother tongue, Sanskrit, which evolved into Greek and Latin, which are simple phonetic variants of it.“ Author Franco Rendich from his book ”Indo/European etymology“.

The Sanskrit “Jana” meaning “birth” “race” “tribe” is very similar to the Sanskrit “Gana” meaning “tribe” “race” “flock” “herd” “class”. From “Gana” we get “Ganapati” and “Ganesha”, the “Ganapati” meaning “lord of the tribes” which is what Ganesh is, he presides over Lord Sivas armies in the mystical abode of Kailash. His other name “Ganesha” is “Gana” and “Isa” which once again means “lord of the tribes”.

In Europe this Sanskrit “Gana” and “Jana” is seen in the Greek “Genus” meaning “race” “stock” “family” “class” and from this we get the word “Gene” and “Genetics“ meaning “race” “heredity”. We also have the Biblical “Genesis” meaning “origin” “creation” “generation” it travels from Vedic shores as the Sanskrit “Jana” and “Gana” and is seen in the Greek “Genus” from which we get the Latin “Genesis”. We also have the Roman God “Janus” who was known as the ”God of beginnings” he could be found throughout Rome on doorways, gates and entrances. Do we know of another God who can be found upon gates, doorways, entrances ? Ganesh perhaps ? and so its easy to see this relationship between “Gana” “Jana” and “Janus”. We also get the month of “January” which is from “Janus” meaning “the God of beginnings” the month of “January” being the “beginning” of the year and which is once again related to this Sanskrit “Jana” and “Gana”.

There are many European words whose formation reflect this Sanskrit “Gana” and “Jana” meaning “birth” “offspring” “race” “tribe” words such as - Generate - Eugene - Genome - General - Generic - Generous - Sui Generis - Congenial - Genealogy - Genevieve - Oogenesis - Glycogen - Generation - Degenerate - Regenerate - Homogenate - Genealogist - Biogenesis - Genius - Nitrogen - Oxygen - Hydrogen - Ingenuous - Indigenous - Gender - German - And much more all reflecting this Sanskrit “Jana” and “Gana” meaning “birth” “offspring” “race”.

The Sanskrit word for knee is “Janu” which means “that which causes forward motion”. We see this “Janu” reflected in the Latin “genu” the Greek “Gony” the French “Genou” the Romanian “Genunchi” and the Lithuanian “Jungti”. All of which means knee and all related to this Sanskrit “Janu” which means “knee”.

We can also see this Sanskrit “Janu” meaning “knee” in the Bosnian “Kol-jeno” they simply add the prefix “Kol” and this is seen once again in the Croatian “Kol-jeno”. This also allows us the opportunity to see how language corrupts over time. In Serbia their name for knee is “Koleno” they have simply dropped the “J” and what was “Koljeno” now becomes “Koleno” maybe as a euphonic improvement. This same corruption is found in Russia - Koleno - Czech - Koleno - Macedonia - Koleno - Polish - Kolano - Slovak - Koleno - Slovenian - Koleno - Ukraine - Kolino - Belorussia - Kaliena - Bulgaria - Kolenan.

All these words were originally “Kol-jeno” meaning “knee” and all of them ultimately reflect this Sanskrit “Janu” which means “knee”. And as for the word “knee” itself its once again a corruption of “Janu” the “Jan” becomes the “Jn” which in Europe becomes the Greek “Gn” and which then becomes the English “Kn” and from this we get “knee”. We see this morphology as we travel from the Sanskrit “Jn-ana” meaning “knowledge” to the Greek “Gn-osis” meaning “knowledge” to the English “Kn-owledge” meaning “knowledge” “Jnu” to “Gnu” to “Kne”.

The Sanskrit “Jiv” is a dhatu ( root ) which is described as follows “ to break away “V” with straight forward “J” continuous motion “I”.” In the Sanskrit dictionary “Jiv” is defined as “to live” “to nourish” “to be alive” “to animate” and “to vitalise”.

From “Jiv” we get the Sanskrit “Jiva” which means “soul” “vital breath” “existence”. We also get “Jivana” which means “giving life” and “Jivatu” meaning “life”. Sujiva means “the good life” and “sujivita” means “the happy life”.

Meanwhile in Europe the Sanskrit “J” becomes the Latin “V” and so we have the Latin “Viva” which means “may he live” and “Vivus” meaning “alive” and “living”. We also have the Latin “Vivere” which means “to live” and “Vivax” meaning “long lived”. From this we also get the Latin “Vita” which means “life” and from which we get the words “Vital” and “Vitality”. As we travel from the Sanskrit “Jiva” to the Latin “Viva” to the Latin “Vita” we also get the Latin “Vitamin” which means - the life ( vit ) of amino acids ( amin ).

As well as Latin we see this “Jiva” reflected in the French “Vivre” meaning “live” we see it in the Portuguese “Vivo” meaning “live” and we see it in the Spanish “Vivo” meaning “live”.

Among most of the European countries however they change the Sanskrit “J” into a “Z” and “Jiv” becomes “Ziv”. In Bosnia its - Ziv - Croatia - Ziv - Macedonia - Ziv - Serbia - Ziv - Slovenia - Ziv - Bulgaria - Zhiv - Belorussia - Zyvy - Irish - Zyvy - Latvia - Dzivs - Polish - Zywy - Russian - Zhivoy - Slovak - Zivy - Ukraine - Zyvy. All meaning “life” and “live“ and all coming from this Sanskrit “Jiv” which means “life” and “live” and which is the root of the Sanskrit “Jiva” meaning “the soul”.

We have seen how the Sanskrit “Kal” which means “to count” is found in words such as calculate and kalendar. Like all Sanskrit words however “Kal” has other meanings.

The word itself is a combination of the consonant “K” which means “cosmic motion” and “curvilinear motion” and “Al” which means “to reach” “to arrive”. This can mean “to go in a circle” or it can mean “to cover” “to envelop”.

An example of this enveloping, covering nature of the Sanskrit “Kal” is the Sanskrit “Kalasa” which is a water pot, that which covers and envelops water. We see this “Kalasa” reflected in the Latin “Calix” which means “goblet” and “drinking vessel” and the Greek “Kalyks” and “Kyliks” which mean “cup” and “drinking cup” and we also find it in the Greek “Chalice” which means “cup”.

This enveloping nature of the Sanskrit “Kal” is seen again in the Greek “Kalia” which means “birds nest” where the birds and their eggs are enveloped and covered in a nest. “Kalymma” is also a Greek word meaning “covering” “veil” “grove” and the Greek “Kalypto“ means “to cover” “to conceal” in Latin we have the same thing with “celo” which means “to hide” “to conceal”. All words which reflect this covering, enveloping nature of this Sanskrit “Kal”.

Kal is also related to writing and colouring as to write and colour is also a form of covering. In Sanskrit we have the word “Kalama” which is a reed used for writing. In Latin they have the same thing, with “Calamus” which means “reed pen” and in Greek we have “Kalamos” which also means “reed pen”. In Hebrew we have the word “Kulmus” which means “quill” in Arabic we have “Qalam” meaning “reed pen” and in Swahili we have “Kalamu” meaning the same.

As well as writing, color may also be related to this Sanskrit “Kal” in the sense that to color is to cover or to envelop a particular space or object, especially in the sense of painting. In Sanskrit we have “Kala” which means “black” or “dark blue” which is the colour of the sky, that which covers and envelops, prior to the illuminating rays of the Sun. In Europe they trace the word colour to the middle English “Col” which phonetically is similar to “Kal” and as we know colours are simply light waves which cover the retina of the eye.

Whether “Col” and subsequently “Colour“ is related to “Kal” is hard to establish, however it is not difficult to once again see the relationship between this Sanskrit “Kal” and the Greek and Latin words which reflect the same meaning.

From “Krs” we get “Krsa” which means “ploughshare” and “Krsaka” which means “farmer” and we also get the name of Krsna.

As “Krs” means “to pull” and “to drag” Krsna means the “all attractive” that which pulls, drags and attracts our minds. Just as a tractor has “traction” it pulls and drags and ploughs, similarly Krsna has “traction” he attracts everything and everyone to him and this is the relationship between Krsna “the all attractive” and the Sanskrit root “Krs” which means “to pull” “to drag” “to have traction”.

Krs also means “to cultivate” “to become master of” “to influence” and from this we get “Krsti” which means “teacher”. Krsti is most probably the source of the word “Christ” as in “Jesus Christ”. The Greeks explain how Christ comes from “Khrio” which means “anointed” however no-one can deny the phonetic and morphological relationship between this Sanskrit “Krsti” and the Greek “Khristos” whose original meaning was most probably “teacher” which is the meaning of the Sanskrit Krsti.

The Vedas present the ancient Varnashrama system, the four social orders structured to accommodate ones psycho/physical nature. These four orders was seen as the social body, the Brahmans being the head of society, the Ksatriyas being the arms, the Vaisyas being the stomach and the Sudras being the legs, and when this social body was in full co-operation it produced the most astonishing civilisation ever known.

The second order of society was known as the Ksatriyas, in Sanskrit we have the word “Ksatra” meaning “governing body” “warrior” “reigning order” “power” and from this we get the word “Ksatriya” meaning “warrior” “king” “ruler”.

In Europe this “Ksatra” becomes the Greek “Satrapes” meaning “govenor” and the Latin “Satrapes” which also means “govenor”.

In Persia “Ksatra” and “Ksatriya” become the Persian “Xshathra” meaning “kingdom” “dominion”. In the Avestan which are the scriptures of Persia we find the term “Xshathra Vairya” meaning “the chosen rule”. The “Xshathra” is the Sanskrit “Ksatra” meaning “rule” and the “Vairya” is the Sanskrit “Varya” meaning “chosen”.

This Persia “Xshathra” then becomes the Persian “shahriyar” meaning “king” “lord”. Throughout Iran we find this “Shahriyar” as personal names and place names. In Tehran we find the city of “Shahriyar”, in Fars we find the city of “Shahriyar” and in Lorestan we find the city of “Shahriyar”. From “Shahriyar” we also get the Persian word “Shah” meaning “king” all of which has travelled from this Sanskrit “Ksatra” and “Ksatriya” meaning “warrior” “king” “ruler”.

From “Ksatra” and “Ksatriya” we also get the Persian king “Xerxes” who ruled throughout Persia some 2500 years ago. His name is pronounced “Xsayarsa” meaning “one who rules over heroes” and once again its linguistic source has travelled from the shores of Vedic India as this “Ksatra” and “Ksatriya” meaning “warrior” “ruler”.

The word “check mate” also comes from this Sanskrit “Ksatra”, the “check” travelling from the Sanskrit “Ksatra”, the Persian “Shah”, the French “Eschec” and the Latin “Scaccus”. The word “Mate” is from the Sanskrit “Matha” meaning “killing” “destruction” the word “check mate” meaning “the king is dead”. This should be no surprise for fellow Vedantists knowing that Chess like everything else came from the shores of Vedic India.

“It is true that even across the Himalayan barrier India has sent to the west, such gifts as grammar and logic, philosophy and fables, hypnotism and chess, and above all numerals and the decimal system.” Will Durant, American Historian.

The Sanskrit “Ku” is formed by “U” which represents “persistence” and “K” which represents “a contorted movement” from this we get the Sanskrit “Kup” which means “to move in a contorted way” as in “to become excited” “to become agitated” “to become angry”.

From Kup comes Kupyati which means “to be excited” and Kupaya which means “swelling with emotion”. In Europe we see this reflected in the Latin “Cupio” “Cupidites” “Cupido” “Cupisco” which all mean “to desire” “to become eager” “to be passionate” “to be agitated” We also find this Sanskrit “Kup” which means “to become agitated, to become angry” in the Greek “Kopto” which means “to smite” “to strike” “to cut”.

So here we have the Sanskrit Kup which means “to become excited” “to become agitated” and even “to become angry” and from this we get the Latin words Cupio, Cupidites, Cupido, Cupisco and we also get the great personification of excitement and agitation himself - Cupid.

The Sanskrit “Lag” is responsible for a large semantic field within European languages, its the root of the word “Logos” meaning “divine word” its the root of the Latin “Lex” meaning “law” and its the root of the word “religion”.

The Sanskrit definition of “Lag” is “to connect” “to attach” “to stick” “to meet” “to obtain”. “Lag” then becomes “Lagna” meaning “fixed upon” “following closely” and “meeting”.

In Europe this “Lag” meaning “to attach” becomes the Greek “Lego” meaning “to cluster” “to gather” “to choose”, it becomes the Greek “Legein” meaning “to speak” “to say” and it becomes the Latin “Legere” meaning “to read”. The linguistic thread connecting “Lego” and “choosing” and “Legein” and “speaking” and “Legere” and “reading” is that to “speak” or to “read“ one “chooses ones words” or one “picks ones words” or one “gathers ones words” and so this was how this root developed from the Sanskrit “Lag” and formed into European words such as “Legend” and “Lecture”

This Sanskrit “Lag” meaning “to attach” “to obtain” then becomes the Greek “Logos” meaning “speech” “discourse” “the divine word”. As “Lag” meaning “to attach” becomes “Leg” meaning “to choose” and becomes “Legein” meaning “to choose ones words” here we see it becoming “Logos” meaning “divine word”. Not an ordinary word, this was the word St Paul used to attract the intellects of Europe who were enamoured with Greek philosophy. In the beginning their was the word, the “Logos” and the word was with God and this “Logos” was Jesus Christ. It became a very powerful tool for conversion however it is wrong, it should read in the beginning was the “Lag” and this “Lag” came from Sanskrit.

Along with “Logos” we also have the Greek and Latin “Logia” which gives us the word forming element “Logy” meaning “speaking” “discourse” “treatise” “doctrine” “theory” “science” and this produces innumerable words such as - Anthology - Eulogy - Logic - Prologue - Catalogue - Tautology - Dialogue - Trilogy - Logarithm - Analogy - Syllogism - Analogue - Epilogue - Scientology - Theology - Apology - there are some 292 words ending in this “Logy“ ranging from “Anthropology” to “Cosmology” and many others such as “Logarithm” and “Logistics” all from this “Logos” which comes from the Greek “Lego” whose source is this Sanskrit “Lag”.

From this Sanskrit “Lag” meaning “to meet” “to tie” “to attach” we also get the Latin root “Lig” meaning “to tie” “to bind” which we see in the Latin “Ligament” which “binds” and “ties”. This “Lig” then becomes the Latin “Re-lig-ion” meaning “to tie oneself to the divine” “to gather oneself to the divine” “to bind oneself to the divine” and whose roots are this Sanskrit “Lag” meaning “to tie” “to attach” “to connect”.

The Latin “Lex” meaning “law” also comes from this Sanskrit “Lag” and this is also seen in other languages - Swedish - Lag - Gaelic - Lagh - Old English - Lagu - Old Norse - Lagu - Proto Germanic - Laga - Romania - Lege - Iceland - Log - Old Irish - Ligh - Chinese - Leg - Albanian - Lig - Italian - Legge - Maltese - Ligi - all meaning “Law” and all related to this Sanskrit “Lag”. The word “Outlaw” is also revealing as its source is the Old Norse “Ut-lagi” and the Old English “Ut-laga” meaning “outside the law” and once again indicating this Sanskrit “Lag” as the source of the word “Law”.

From this numerous words flow once again into the European word pool - Legal - Legislate - Lexicon - Lax - Dyslexia - Legible - Legitimate - Lectern - Legume - Lecturn - Legion - Dialect - Select - Election - Leech - Neglect - Religion - Elect - College - Elegant - Loquacious - Lesson - Legend - Lecture - and many more whose ultimate source is this Sanskrit “Lag”.

“The Latin term “Religio” originated in the semantic field of the root “Lag” since the meaning is close to that of both “welcoming” the divine and having a “bond” with the divine”. Comparative etymological dictionary - Franco Rendich.

“The original meaning of the word “Lex” meaning “law” came out of the vast semantic field of the root “Lag” and could be thus both “collection of laws” and “contractual “bond” guaranteed by law”. Comparative etymological dictionary - Franco Rendich.

The Sanskrit “Las” means “shining” “glittering” “desire” “strive after” “long for”. From “Las” we get “Lasta” meaning “embraced” “grasped” “desired”, we get “Lasati” meaning “to frolic” “to embrace” “to desire” “to sport” “to dance” and we get “Lasaka” meaning “dancer” “peacock”.

In Europe this “Las” becomes the Latin “Lascivious” meaning “lewd” “lustful” “indecent”, it also becomes the Greek “Laste” meaning “harlot” ”prostitute”.

This “Las” meaning “to desire” “to long for” is then seen in the Slovak word for “love” which is “Laska”. We also see it in their word for “flattery” which is a form of seduction - Slovak - Laskanje - Bosnia - Laskanje - Croatian - Laskanje - Macedonia - Laskanje - Serbia - Laskanje - Slovenia - Laskanje - Russia - Lest - Romania - Lest - All meaning “flattery” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Las” meaning “to desire” to long for”.

As previously mentioned from “Las” we get the Sanskrit “Lasati” meaning “to dance” and this is seen in the Bosnian - Plesati - Croatian - Plesati - Serbian - Plesati - Slovenian - Plesati - All meaning “to dance” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Lasati” meaning “to dance”.

The Sanskrit “Las”and “Lasta” meaning “to desire” “to long after” is the source of the European “Lust”. In Europe its reflected as the Indo/European “Las”, the Latin “Lascivus”, the Greek “Laste”, the Slavik “Laska”, the Gothic “Lustus” and the Old English “Lust” whose ultimate source is this Sanskrit “Las” and “Lasta” meaning “to desire” “to long for”.

This Sanskrit “Las” and “Lasta” which becomes the European “Lust” also produces the words “lustre” ”list” ”wanderlust” ”bloodlust” ”lustrous”.

Unlike the spiritual world which is absolute and unlimited this temporary world of duality is full of limitations. The Sanskrit letter which represents these limitations is the consonant “M”.

From “M” we get the root “Ma” meaning “time” “measure” “form” all of which represent “limitations”, even Maya devi, who personifies this temporary material world is represented by the word “Maya” meaning “measure” and “Matr” meaning “mother”. This Sanskrit “Ma” has been described as the “effect of the action (a) of setting a limit (m)”.

From “Ma” we get “Mati” meaning “to measure”, we get “Matra” meaning “measure” “quantity”, we get “Matr” meaning “that which measures” we get “Madhya” meaning “middle”.

In Europe this “Ma” and “Matra” meaning “measure” becomes the Greek “Metreo” meaning “to measure” “to estimate”, the Greek “Metron” meaning “measure” “rule” “proportion”, the Greek “Metres” meaning “a measurer”, and from such words we get the unit of measure known today as “Metre”, whose origin is most assuredly this Sanskrit “Matra” meaning “measure”.

In Latin this Sanskrit “Ma” and “Matra” becomes the Latin “Metior” meaning “to measure”, we then get the Latin “Mensura” from which comes the word “measure”. From the Sanskrit “Madhya” and “Madhyam” meaning “middle” we also get the Latin “Medius” which gives us the words “medium” and “middle”.

These Sanskrit words travel from the shores of India to Latin and Greek and from there a whole family of words spring up reflecting this “Ma” and “Madhya” - “Medial” “Media” “Mediate” “Medieval” “Medical” “Immediate” “Amidst” “Midgard” “Remedy” “Meath” “Meso” “Mesopotamia” “Module” “Mediterranean” “Medication” “Mete” “Dimension” “Commensurate” “Mode” “Model” “Moderate” “Modify” “Modicum” “Metis” “Must” “Meet” “Meticulous” “Method” “Metaphysical” “Metaphor” “Metabolism” “Meteor” “Matrix” “Trigonometry” and many more.

The Sanskrit “Ma” means “to measure” “to compare” “to think”. From “Ma” we then get “Man” meaning “to know” “to understand” and “thought”. This then gives us the Sanskrit “Manu” meaning “wise” “intelligent” “the representative of the human race” from which we get the words “man” and “mankind” and the author of the “law books of Manu”.

Originally the word “man” was gender neutral, it simply meant “that which thinks” and its easy to see how this has come from the Sanskrit “Man” meaning “to think” “to know” “to understand”. So “Man” originally referred to “human beings”, it had nothing to do with gender and the representative of “man” is the father of “mankind” known as “Manu”.

In Latin “Manus” means “hands” it is related to Roman laws where the authority of the wife and children were in the “hands“ of their husband. To ask for the “hand” of ones daughter originally meant to transfer the authority of the father to the authority of the husband. In English law when one raises ones right “hand” and takes an oath its called the “Manus“. Its not too difficult to connect the dots here, we have the ancient laws of “Manu” the Vedic laws for mankind, we have the Roman laws known as “Manus” and we have the “oath” which is known in English law as the “Manus”.

From this Latin “Manus” meaning “hands” we have the words “manicure” “manifest” “manipulation” “manacle” “mandate” “manage” “maintain” “manufacture” “maneuvre” “emancipate” “manner” “manual” “manuscript” “manure“ and many more which come from this Roman law of “Manus” meaning “hands” and which ultimately descends from this ancient Vedic “Manu” the father of “Mankind”.

“In conclusion Sanskrit is the only Indo/European language to have preserved in its vocabulary the original form and meaning of the root “Man” meaning “to think”…In Sanskrit an interesting connection between the two terms derived from “Man” that is “Mauna” meaning “silence” and “Muni” meaning “saint” or “sage” which leads us to consider them to be “they who think in deep silence”. Franco Rendich - Dictionary of classical Indo/European languages.

The Sanskrit “Napat” ( Na + pat ) has been described as “superintendent ( Pat ) of the waters ( Na ) “ The Sanskrit dictionary defines “Napat” as “descendant” “nephew” “grandson” and from “Napat” we also get “Naptr” meaning “descendant” “nephew” “grandson”.

In Europe this “Napat” becomes the Greek “Nepodes” meaning “children” and “Anepsios” meaning “cousin”. In Latin it becomes “Nepotis” meaning “grandson” and “Nepos” meaning “descendant”.

“Napat” meaning “descendant” “son” “offspring” is also found in the English “Nephew”, the French “Neveu”, the German “Neffe”, the Dutch “Neef”, the old Icelandic “Nefe”, the Norwegian “Nevo” and the old Lithuanian “Nepuotis”.

In the Avestan of Zoroastrian Persia we have “Apam Napat” who is a personality whose name means the “son of the waters” and in the Vedas we find this same “Apam Napat” meaning the “son of the waters”.

And finally we have the word “Nepotism” meaning “favouring relatives”. This originally referred to the Popes disposition towards favouring his own nephew by granting him privileges. “Nepotism” comes from the Latin “Nepotem” meaning “descendants” and this comes ultimately from this Sanskrit “Napat” meaning the same. The Sanskrit “Stha” means “standing” ”staying” “place” “existing” “dwell” “stationary”. From “Stha” we get “Sthana” meaning “place” “domain” “region” “state” “locality” “that which stands” “stationary” “province” “abode”.

The Sanskrit “Nava” has been described as “that which comes (v) from the waters (na)”. The Sanskrit dictionary defines “Nava” as “ship” “boat” “new” “fresh” “recent”.

The Vedas as well as other ancient wisdom traditions such as the Egyptians speak of the “waters”. In the Vedas its the “causal waters” or the “causal ocean” and the Egyptians describe the “primal waters” from which everything emerges. Even within the womb life emerges from the “amniotic waters”, and so the words “new” and “water” are synonymously defined by the Sanskrit “Nava”. Within the “waters” lies Narayana, the “Nara” meaning “waters” and “Ayana” meaning “residence” the name meaning “he who resides within the waters” and from Narayana everything emerges.

In Europe this Sanskrit “Nava” becomes the Latin “Novus” meaning “new” and from this comes the words “novel” “novelty” “novice” “neophyte” “neo” “novate” “innovate” “renovate” “neon” “nova” “novelle” and “Neanderthal” which means “new man”. We also have “Napoli” the city in Southern Italy. Its name is completely Sanskrit, going from the Sanskrit “Nava” to the Greek “Neo” meaning “new” and the “Polis” comes from the Sanskrit “Puri” meaning “city”, “Napoli” meaning “new city”.

Throughout Europe this Sanskrit “Nava” becomes their word for “new” - Sanskrit - Nava - Croatia - Nova - Ukraine - Nove - Bosnia - Novo - Slovenia - Novo - Spain - Novato - Macedonia - Nov - Bulgaria - Nov - Czech - Nove - Russian - Novy - Polish - Nowy - Portuguese - Novo - Italian - Nouvo - Latin - Novus - French - Nouveau - Greek - Neo - All meaning “new” and all coming from this Sanskrit “Nava” meaning “new”. It would be interesting to know why “Novo” means “new” in their language whereas in Sanskrit “Nava” means “new” as everything comes fresh from the “waters”.

Orange is from the Sanskrit Naranga which is a tree possessing orange coloured fruits. Naranga travels a well beaten path to Persia and becomes Naranj and onwards to Europe, the home of borrowed languages, where it becomes orange.

Blue, black, green and yellow all have their Indo/European roots, however its not so easy to pin them down.

Sanskrit is the medium through which the Vedas are expressed and the purpose of the Vedas is purification, purification of consciousness. The Sanskrit letter which expresses this purification is the letter “P”.

This “P“ becomes the Sanskrit “Pu” meaning “to cleanse” “to illuminate” “to make bright” and from this Sanskrit root emerges the European “pure” “purify” “purge” “purgatory”.

As the Sun rises in the East its purifying and illuminating rays bathe everything and everyone hence in Sanskrit “East” is expressed as the Sanskrit “Pu” in “Purva” meaning “an abundance of auspiciousness”

By the performance of purificatory rites a son can deliver his ancestors and so the Sanskrit word for “son” is the Sanskrit “Pu” in “Putra” meaning the protector “Tra” of that which is pure “Pu”.

A sincere offering to the Lord, be it a flower, a ghee lamp or sumptuous preparations is accepted by the Lord to enable one to make spiritual progress, hence the offering, the worship, is expressed as the Sanskrit “Pu” in “Puja” meaning “that which produces (Ja) purification (Pu)”.

Every act performed within the matrix of this material world creates a reaction, every cause we set in motion produces an equal and correlating effect. This is expressed in the Vedas as karma and it is recommended that one should reduce ones karmic footprint through the performance of purificatory acts. These purificatory acts are expressed as the Sanskrit “Pu” in “Punya” which is defined as “meritorious” “auspicious” “pure” “virtuous” the “Pun” meaning “to accumulate” and the “Ya” meaning “fame”.

Such examples express the divine nature of the Sanskrit language which is the same in purpose and origin as the medium it expresses, the ancient Vedic scriptures, whose primary purpose is the purification of consciousness as expressed by this Sanskrit “P” and “Pu” meaning “to purify”.

“What extracts from the Vedas I have read fall on me like the light of a higher and purer luminary, which describes a loftier course through purer stratum. It rises on me like the full moon after the stars have come out, wading through some far stratum in the sky.” Henry David Thoeau. The Sanskrit root “Krs” is the combination of “Kr” which means “to act” in connection with “S”. This refers to our relationship with the cultivation of the earth and its harvest. Krs means “to drag” “to pull” “to plough” “to farm”.

The Sanskrit “Pada” has been described as “to give (Da) a good cleaning (Pa)”. The Vedas explain how within the subtle body, the karma resides within the area of the feet and the good cleaning is in the form of purificatory rites.

Feet which are not purified are contaminating and in Vedic culture it is inauspicious to touch feet. The pure souls however, their feet are ever sought by those in search of blessings, their names are “Prabhu-pada” meaning “one whose feet many prabhus seek shelter” and “Visnu-pada” meaning “he who has taken shelter of the lotus feet of Visnu”.

The Sanskrit dictionary defines “Pada” as “foot” “root of a tree” “bottom” “measure” “stride” and the “square of a chessboard”. From “Pada” we get “Padyate” meaning “to step”, we get “Padu” meaning “shoe” “slipper”, we get “Padukrt” meaning “shoemaker” and we also get “Patha” meaning “path” “walkway”.

In Europe we see this Sanskrit “Pada” in the Latin “Pede” meaning “foot” and from this we get “Ped-estal” “Ped-al” “Ped-estrian” “Pod-ium” “Ped-icure” “Ped-igree” “Ped-ometer” “Ped-iment” “Im-pede” “Im-ped-iment” “Pod-iatric” “Pod-iatry” “Chiro-pod-ist” all of which reflect this Sanskrit “Pada” meaning “foot”.

In Greece we also see this Sanskrit “Pada” meaning “foot” in the Greek “Ped-ilon” meaning “shoes” “sandals” “slippers” and the Greek “Pateo” meaning “to go on foot” and also the Greek “Podizo” meaning “to bind the feet”.

Throughout Europe we see this Sanskrit “Pada” meaning “foot” in the Bulgarian - Pod-nozhie - Czech - Pod-stavec - Polish - Pod-neze - Russian - Pod-nozhiye - Slovak - Pod-lozie - Lithuanian - Peda - Latvian - Piede - Romanian - Ped-estru, all meaning “foot” and all stemming from this Sanskrit “Pada” meaning “foot”.

And also throughout Europe we find their word for “shoe” also reflects this Sanskrit “Pada” meaning “foot” and “Padu” meaning “shoe”. Bulgaria - Pod-kova - Czech - Pod-kova - Russian - Pod-kova - Slovak - Pod-kova - Ukraine - Pod-kova - Bosnia - Pot-kova - Croatia - Pot-kova - Serbia - Pot-kovati - Romania - Pot-covi - Latin - Pede - Greek - Ped-ilo - Welsh - Ped-ola, all meaning “shoe” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Pada” meaning “foot” and “Padu” meaning “shoe”.

And finally the word for “floor” which is what people “walk” on, also reflects this Sanskrit “Pada” meaning “feet”. Croatia - Pod - Bosnia - Pod - Serbia - Pod - Macedonia - Pod - Romania - Podi - Polish - Pod-loga - Czech - Pod-laha - Belarussian - Pod-lohu - Slovak - Pod-laha - Greek - Da-pedo - all meaning “floor” and all reflecting this “Pada” meaning “feet”.

The Sanskrit “Pada” also means “foot” “step” “pillar” “bottom” “tree root” “stride”.

In the Vedas it explains how within the subtle body the karma resides within the area of the feet. If ones karma has not been purified then feet are contaminating and the Vedas advise one not to touch anothers feet as one connects with negative energy.

The pure souls however, their feet are ever sought after by those who are in search of blessings and purification. Their names are “Prabhupada” meaning “one whose feet are ever sought by prabhus” and “Visnupada” meaning “he who takes shelter of Visnu”.

In Europe this Sanskrit “Pada” meaning “foot” becomes the Latin “Pede” meaning “foot”and from this comes European words such as “Pedal” “Pedestal” “Pedestrian” “Podium” “Pedicure” “Pedigree” “Pedometer” “Pediment” “Impede” “Impediment” “Podiatry” “Chiro-pod-ist” and many more which reflects this Latin “Pede” and whose source is the Sanskrit “Pada” meaning “foot”.

In Greece it becomes the Greek “Pedilon” meaning “shoes”, the Greek “Pateo” meaning “to go on foot” and the Greek “Podizo” meaning “to bind the feet”.

Elsewhere throughout Europe it becomes the Lithuanian - Peda - Latvian - Piede - Romanian - Pedestru - Slovak - Podklad - Polish - Podneze - Russian - Podnozy - Bulgarian - Podnozy - Czech - Podstavek - All meaning “foot” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Pada” meaning “foot”.

From this Sanskrit “Pad” and “Pada” meaning “foot” we get the Sanskrit “Padu” meaning “shoe” and this is once again reflected throughout the European languages - Bulgaria - Podkova - Czech - Podkova - Russian - Podkova - Slovak - Podkova - Ukraine - Podkova - Bosnia - Podkova - Croatia - Podkova - Serbia - Podkovita - Romania - Potcovi - Latin - Pede - Greek - Pedilo - Welsh - Pedola - All meaning “shoe” and all reflecting this “Padu” meaning “shoe” which comes from this Sanskrit “Pad” and “Pada” meaning “foot”.

In India the oldest form of footwear is called the “Paduka” its little more than a sole with a peg at the front which fits in between the big and second toe. The word “Paduka” means “shoe” “slipper” “sandal”. Paduka also means foot prints of the gods such as Vishnu, Shiva and others who are worshipped in this symbolic form in houses and also in temples built for this purpose. One such temple is the Gaya temple dedicated to Vishnupada or Vishnu’s feet. Similarly, Buddha’s foot prints are worshipped under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya.

This Sanskrit “Paduka” meaning “slipper” is once again reflected throughout the European languages as their name for “slipper” - Bosnia - Papuca - Czech - Papuce - Croatian - Papuca - Romanian - Papuc - Serbian - Papuca - Slovak - Papuca - All meaning “slipper” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Paduka” meaning “slipper”.

The Sanskrit “pas” means “sight” “eye” “perception” “behold” “foresee” “look at” “consider”. This then becomes “spas” which has been described as “co-ordinated (s) to watching” and defined as “spy” “to observe” “to see” “to perceive”. From “spas” we get “spasta” meaning “clear” “distinct” “visible” “lucid”.

“Spas” is seen in the Latin “specere” meaning “to look at” from which comes “spectacle” “spectrum” “speculate” “specimen” “introspection” “retrospect” “inspect” “respect” “aspect” “suspect” “prospect” spectacular“ “species” “expect” “despise” “perspective” “conspicuous” and many more.

While Latin converts the Sanskrit “spas” into “spec” the Greeks invert the “p” and “k” and instead of “spek” we get “skep” which produces “skeptical” meaning “one who observes” “one who is reflective”. This same process creates the Greek “skope” which becomes “scope” meaning “to look at” “to examine” and from this comes “microscope” “periscope” “telescope” “spectroscope” “colposcopy” “gyroscope” “stethoscope” “horoscope” “episcopus” “kaleidoscope” all related to this Sanskrit “spas” meaning “to see” “to observe”.

In the Slavic languages this Sanskrit “spas” meaning “to see” “to observe“ becomes the Serbian “spaziti” the Croatian “spaziti” and the Bosnian “spaziti” all meaning “to see” “to observe”.

“Spas” also becomes the word for “prophecy” as seen in the Old Norse “spa” the Dutch “spa” the Old Saxon “spahi” the Old German “spahi” the Icelandic “spadomur” the Norwegian “spadom” and the Swedish “spadom” all meaning “prophecy” as in “seer”. We also have the Old Scottish “spae book” a book of “prophecy and fortune telling” and “spae wife” the ancient Scottish term for “fortune teller” and “spae man” the name for a “fortune teller” words which go back to at least the 15th century, whose source is this Sanskrit “spas” meaning “to see” “to observe”.

“Spas“ also becomes the word for “spy” as seen in the Persian “spasyeiti” the German “spahen” the Swedish “spana” all meaning “spy” and of course it becomes the source of the word “spy” which gives us “spyglass” “espionage” “spyware” and “espy”.

“Spy is derived from the Old French espier “to spy” from the Sanskrit spas “a spy” - pashyati “he sees”. The word was first used in an English work ”Arthur and Merlin” to refer to a person employed in wartime to obtain secret information” - From the book “ Word Origins” by Dhirendra Verma. The river Rhone is one of the major rivers of Europe dividing into two branches “the great Rhone” and “the little Rhone”. It rises in the Swiss alps and flows through Geneva, Lyon, Valence, Avignon and finds its home in the Mediterranean sea.

The Sanskrit “Pitr” has been described as “he who (tr) purifies (pi)”. The Sanskrit “pi” is related to the roots “pa” meaning “to protect” and “pu” meaning “to purify”. “Pitr” has been defined in the Sanskrit dictionary as “father” “purifier” “parents” and “ancestors”.

From “Pitr” we get “Pitrya” meaning “paternal”, we get “Pitaras” meaning “ancestors”, we get “Pitrs” meaning “deceased ancestors”, we get “Pitaputra” meaning “father and son” and we get “Pitamaha” meaning “paternal grandfather”.

In Europe “Pitr” becomes the Greek “Pater” meaning “he who purifies” “he who protects” and “father”. From this we get the Greek “Patrios” meaning “belonging to ones father”, the Greek “Pateres” meaning “ancestors” and the Greek “Patron” meaning “protector” “defender”.

In Latin its pretty similar to Greek where this Sanskrit “Pitr” is seen in the Latin “Pater” meaning “father”, the Latin “Patrius” meaning “fatherly” from which we get the word “paternal”, the Latin “Patronus” meaning “defender” “protector” and we get the Latin “Patria” meaning “fatherland” and from which comes the word “patriot”.

Elsewhere throughout Europe we see this “Pitr” meaning “father” in the German - Pater - Dutch - Pater - Hungarian - Fater - Danish - Fader - Iceland - Fadir - Swedish - Fader - Portuguese - Padre - Spanish - Padre - Italian - Padre - All coming from the Latin “Pater” meaning “father” and whose ultimate source is the Sanskrit “Pitr” meaning the same.

The Sanskrit dictionary describes the root “pr” as “to rescue” “to save” “to protect”. “pr” then becomes “pri” meaning “kind” “delighted” “please” “gladden” “comfort“, it becomes “priya” meaning “beloved” “dear” “favourite” “love” “wife” and it becomes “priti” meaning “love” “pleasure” “joy” “happiness”.

In Europe this Sanskrit “pri” and “priya” become the European words “free” and “friend”. Its quite common for a Sanskrit “p” to become a European “f” we see this in the Sanskrit “pitr” becoming the European “father”, the Sanskrit “pluta” becoming the European “float” and we also see the word “pyre” becoming “fire”.

And so the Sanskrit “priya” meaning “dear” “beloved” becomes the Indo/European “priya” meaning “dear” “beloved”, and then it becomes the proto Germanic “frija” meaning “beloved” “not in bondage”, the Old Norse “frja” meaning “to love”, the Old Frisian “fria” meaning “to make free” and eventually we get the word “free” whose original meaning was “to love” which not only reflects the highest understanding of “free-dom” it also reflects its source the Sanskrit “priya” meaning “beloved”.

The Sanskrit “pri” and “priya” also becomes the European “friend” as seen in the Indo/european “priyont” meaning “loving”, the proto Germanic “frijand” meaning “lover” “friend”, the Gothic “frijonds”, the Old Frisian “friund”, the German “freund” and the English “friend” which is simply the Sanskrit “pri” in “priya” becoming the English “fri” in “friend” just as it also becomes the “fre” in “free”.

Throughout Europe this Sanskrit “pri” and “priya” meaning “dear” “friend“ “beloved” becomes their word for “friend”. Sanskrit - priya - Russian - priyatel - Bulgaria - priyatel - Bosnia - prijatelj - Croatian - prijatelj - Macedonia - prijatel - Romanian - prietene - Czech - pritel - Serbian - prijatelj - Slovak - priatel - Slovenia - prijatelj - Ukraine - pryyatel - All meaning “friend” and all related to this Sanskrit “pri” and “priya” meaning “dear” “beloved” “friend”.

Words which are related to this Sanskrit “pri” and “priya” and which swell the European word pool are - free - friend - befriend - unfriend - friendship - girlfriend - boyfriend - freedom - freefall - freelance - carefree - freeway - freeman - freehold - freely - freebie - freemason - freebase - there are up to one hundred words which contain the word “free” whose ultimate source is this Sanskrit “pri” and “priya”.

Another word is “frederick”, the “fred” means “peace” and comes from this Sanskrit “pri” meaning “kind” “please” “gladden”. The “rick” is the German “rik” meaning “rule” as in “peaceful ruler“ and this comes from the Indo/european “reg” meaning “rule” as in “regina” and the source of all this is the Sanskrit “raja” meaning “king” “sovereign”. Its also interesting to known that the German “reich” came from this German “rik” which came from the Indo/european “reg” whose source is the Sanskrit “raja”.

“According to me, the influence of Sanskrit literature on our time will not be lesser than the 16th century Greece’s influence on Renaissance. One day, India’s wisdom will flow again on Europe and will totally transform our knowledge and thought.” Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), German philosopher and writer. He was one of the greatest philosophers of the 19th century.

The Sanskrit “Pra” means “to bring forth” “to advance” “to forward”, the Sanskrit “Ja” and “Jana“ means “born” “produce” “race” “tribe” “birth” “offspring”. Together this “Pra” “Ja” and “Jana” produce the words “Praja” and “Prajana“ meaning “offspring” “family” “race” “progeny”.

From “Praja” we get the word “Prajapati”, the name for Lord Brahma meaning “Lord of creatures” “Lord of people” “Lord of offspring”

In Europe this “Prajana” meaning “offspring” becomes the Latin “Progeny” meaning “offspring”. Just as “Prajana” is formed by two words “Pra” and “Jana” the Latin “Progeny” is formed by “Pro” and “Geny” which very much reflects this Sanskrit “Pra” and “Jana” as in “Prajana”.

The Sanskrit “Pur” means “to go before” “prior” “to precede” “to lead” and this is the primal meaning of “Pur”. The secondary meanings are “wall” “rampart” “fortress” “stronghold” “castle” “city” “town“ and this is because they protected the citizens, they were the “fortifications” which “preceded” “stood before” and were “prior” to the citizens and their protection.

“Pur” meaning “to go before“ produces “Purva” meaning “that which goes before” “that which precedes” and “that which is prior”. The secondary meanings are “east” “ancient” “first” and “forefather”.

In the Vedas “facing” the “east” is auspicious, wedding ceremonies are performed “facing” the “east”, sacrificial offerings are performed “facing” the “east” and sacred structures are built “facing” the “east”, we can easily understand how the Sanskrit “Purva” means “east” as well as “before” “in front of” “first” “leading”.

“Pur” and “Purva” meaning “first” “prior” “previous” is seen throughout many languages - Bulgarian - Purvo - Macedonian - Prva - Slovenian - Prva - Serbian - Prvo - Bosnian - Prvo - Croatian - Prvo - Slovak - Prvy - Russian - Pervy - All meaning “first” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Purva” which as well as meaning “first“ also means “east” the direction in which the Sun “first” appears.

“Uttara” meaning “north” also means “left” as when one is facing “east” the “north” is on your “left”. “Daksina” meaning “south” also means “right” as when facing “east” the “south” is on your “right” and “Pazcima” meaning “west” also means “behind” as when facing “east” the “west” is ”behind” you. So in the Vedas the orientation is towards the “east” and this is clearly seen in the ancient Sanskrit language where “Purva” is synonymous for both “east” and “before” “in front of”.

“Pur” and “Purva” are most probably the source of the English word “first” we have seen how the Sanskrit “P” has a tendency to become a European “F” as seen in “Pluta” becoming “float”, “Priya” becoming “free” “friend” and “Pyre” becoming “fire”. Here the Sanskrit “Pur” meaning “in front of” “before” “to lead” is seen in the Indo/european “Per” meaning “in front of” “before” the Proto Germanic “Fura” meaning “before” the Old English “Fore” meaning “before” “in front of” and eventually we get the word “First” whose source is this Sanskrit “Pur” meaning “before” “in front of” “to lead”.

In a previous post we saw how the German “Reich” meaning “to rule” came from the German “Rik” which came from the Indo/european “Reg” which came from the Sanskrit “Raja” meaning “sovereign” “king” “ruler”. Here we find the word “Feurer” a name for Hitler meaning “to lead” and this also seems to have its source in the Sanskrit “Pur” meaning “to lead”.

The Sanskrit “Pur” means “fortress” “body“ “castle” “wall” “town” “stronghold”, the Sanskrit “Puri” means “city” “river” “town” “fortress”, the Sanskrit “Pura” means “town” “fortress” “stronghold”, the Sanskrit “Puram” means “body” and the Sanskrit “Purusa” means the “body of God” the ultimate “person” within which everything rests.

The Srimad Bhagavatam tells how we live within the city of nine gates known as the two eyes, two ears, two nostrils, the mouth, the rectum and genitals. This is the allegorical story of King Puranjana, the “Puram” meaning “within this body” and “Jana” meaning “the living entity” describing the soul within the body. As the soul lives within the “Puram” meaning “body” this “Puram” lives within the “Pura” meaning “town” “city” and everything rests within the “Purusa” which is the “body of God”.

Throughout India we find many placenames ending with this “Pur” “Puri” and “Pura”. One of the most famous is “Jagganatha Puri” meaning the “town of Jagganatha”. We also have “Hastinarpur” meaning “elephant city” we have “Jaipur” meaning “victory city”, we have “Nagpur” meaning the “city of the Nagas”, we have “Kantipur” the “city of Laxmidevi”, we have “Chandrapur” the “city of the Moon”, and we have “Sitapur” the “city of Sita“.

We also see this “Pur” and “Puri” outside of India in placenames such as “Singapore” and “Kuala Lumpur” in Malaysia and throughout Thailand this “Puri” becomes “Buri” as in the provinces of “Buriram” “Singburi” “Suphanburi” “Saraburi” “Ratchaburi” “Prachinburi” “Chantaburi” “Chonburi” “Lobpuri” and “Lavapuri”. In Iran we find the ancient city of “Gundeshapur”, in Afghanistan “Lalpur”, in Indonesia we find “Jayapura” and many more.

In Europe this “Pur” “Puri” and “Pura” becomes the Greek “Polis” meaning “city” “citizen” “state” and from this emerges the words “metropol” “metropolis” “metropolitan” “police” “politician” “politics” “interpol” “policy” “polity” “politburo” “acropolis” all whose ultimate source is this Sanskrit “Puri” meaning “city” “fortress”.

In Britain this Sanskrit “Pur” “Puri” and “Pura” meaning “fortress” “stronghold” “town” becomes the English “Bury” “Borough” and “Burgh”, over a thousand years ago the Anglo Saxon language defined “Bury” as “a fortified place”. There are over 100 placenames throughout Britain which reflect this such as “Glastonbury” “Salisbury” “Newbury” “Shrewsbury” “Dewsbury” “Canterbury” “Tewkesbury” “Pendlebury” “Aylesbury” “Middlesborough” “Loughborough” “Edinburgh” “Bamburgh” “Peterborough” “Knaresborough” “Scarborough” all related to this Sanskrit “Puri” and “Pura” meaning “fortress” “stronghold” “town”.

The Sanskrit “Puri” and “Pura” also gives us the word “Burg” meaning “town” “city” and we see this throughout the world in placenames such as “Johannesburg” “Hamburg” “Gettysburg” “Brandenburg” “Wolfsburg” “Harrisburg” “Pittsburg” “Vicksburg” “Fredricksburg” “Gatlinburg” “Salzburg” “”Spitzburg” “Luxemburg” “Schwarzenburg” “Hattisburg” “Petersburg” “Mecklenburg” “Lenzburg” “Strasburg” cities which are found throughout Switzerland, Africa, America and throughout Germany there are hundreds of towns and cities whose names end with this “Burg” whose ultimate source is this Sanskrit “Puri” and “Pura” meaning “city” “fortress”.

Franco Rendich in his book “Indo European languages - Sanskrit, Latin and Greek” says “Polis in the epic tradition refers to the Acropolis, the high walled city, which is why it originally meant “rock”. This confirms its derivation from the Sanskrit “Pura”, rock”.

The letter “R” represents “moving forward” “meeting” “arriving” “reaching” this is expressed through the roots “Ra” “Ru” “Ri” “Ir” “Sr” “Rj”. An example is the Sanskrit “Ratha” meaning “chariot” “vehicle” “wagon” “warrior”.

The Sanskrit “Ratha” meaning “chariot” became the “stage” for the greatest of philosophical debates between Arjuna who had sat down on his “chariot” and refused to fight, and Lord Krsna who would convince him to pick up his bow. It took Krsna eighteen chapters to convince Arjuna and this became the “Bhagavad Gita” spoken some 5000 years ago and still worshipped today by over a billion people.

After the war Lord Krsna, Subadra and Balarama boarded a “chariot“ and returned to Vrindavan for one last time before wrapping up their earthly pastimes. Throughout the world this is celebrated annually as devotees pull huge “chariots” which carry their Lordships back to Vrindavan and Srimati Radharani. This is known as the “Ratha Yatra” the “Ratha” meaning “chariot” and “Yatra” meaning “festival” the “festival of chariots”.

We also have King “Dasaratha” the father of Lord Rama. “Dasa” means “ten” and “Ratha” means “chariot” King “Dasaratha” was known as one whose chariot had access to all the ten regions.

This “Ratha” meaning “chariot” is also an ancient metaphor for the soul within the body. The Vedas explain how the “chariot“ is the body, the five horses represent the five senses, the reins represent the mind, the driver represents the intelligence and the passenger represents the soul. Just as one must control and discipline the horses, the mind and senses must also be checked lest one becomes the victim of a wayward “chariot”.

This “Ratha” becomes the source of the words “Rota” “Rotary” “Rotation”. Its seen as the Persian “Ratho” meaning “wheel” the Lithuanian “Rathas” meaning “wheel” the Old Saxon “Rath” the Old Frissian “Reth“ the Old Irish “Roth” the Latin “Rota” the German “Rad” the Dutch “Rad” and the Welsh “Rhod” all meaning “wheel” and all coming from this Sanskrit “Ratha” which then produces the words “Rota” “Rotary” and “Rotation”.

“Ratha” is also the root of the word “Round” it becomes the Latin “Rota” and “Rotundus” and then the “T” becomes a phonetically similar “D” and it becomes the Spanish “Redundo” the Anglo/French “Rounde” and finally the word “Round”. From this emerges words such as “Round” “Around” “Rondel” “Surround” “Roundabout” “Rotund” “Rodeo” “Roll” “Roller”.

“The sun who is the king of all the planets, full of infinite effulgence, the image of the good soul, is as the eye of this world. I adore the primeval Lord Govinda in pursuance of whose order the sun performs his journey mounting the wheel of time”. Sri Brahma Samhita.

Red comes from Rud which is the Sanskrit Rudhira meaning blood, red, blood red. We see this Rud again in Rudra who is intimately associated with the colour red.

The Rig Veda mentions the word “Rta” some 400 times. The two wheels Lord Surya travels upon are named “Satyam” meaning “truthfulness“ and “Rta” meaning “righteousness”. Brihaspati, the guru of the gods, possesses a bow which has “Rta” as its string. Agni is one who is desirous of “Rta” one who is “Rta” minded and one who spreads heaven and earth by “Rta”. The Maruts rejoice in the house of “Rta”, Usha lies at the root of “Rta” and Varuna is one having the form of “Rta”.

“Rta” means “righteousness” “divine law” “truth personified” “cosmic order”. From “Rta” comes “Rtu” which is intimately related to women and their seasonal cycles. “Rtu” means “seasonal” “period” “menstruation” “order” “fixed time” “rule” “fixed order” and from this comes the words “rite” and “ritual”. We also get “Amrta” meaning “one who follows Rta” and “immortality”.

“Rta” also becomes the Sanskrit “Rtam” meaning “cosmic order” “planetary movements” and this is most probably the origin of the word “rhythm” as seen throughout the European languages where “Rtam” pronounced “ritam” is their word for “rhythm” - Sanskrit - Rtam - Bosnia - Ritam - Croatia - Ritam - Serbia - Ritam - Slovenia - Ritem - Macedonia - Ritam - Bulgaria - Ritum - Romania - Ritm - Russia - Ritm - Latvian - Ritms - Belarussia - Rytm - Swedish - Rytm - Ukraine - Rytm - English - Rhythm - All meaning “rhythm” and all related to this Sanskrit “Rta” “Rtu“ and “Rtam” meaning “cosmic order” “sacred action” and “seasons”.

In Greece Kings and great warriors were adorned with the name of “Rta” meaning “righteousness” - Artabenos - Artabezus - Artabryzena - Artaxerxes - Artazostre - Artembores - are just a few of the great warriors whose names bear this Sanskrit “Rta” meaning “righteousness“. The Greeks were seldom happy unless they stuck an “A” at the beginning of a word, just so everyone got the message - its Greek. However all these “Artas” are simply the Sanskrit “Rta” meaning “righteousness” in fact one of the most famous of these warriors was “Artaphernes”, the brother of the great King Darius. “Artaphernes” is completely Sanskrit, the “Arta” being the Sanskrit “Rta” meaning “righteousness” and the “Phernes” is from the Persian “Farnas” meaning “qualities” which is from the Sanskrit “Varnas” meaning “qualities”, his name meaning “one possessing the qualities of righteousness”.

From “Rta” we also get the words “right” and “righteousness” even today where “divine law” is usually some puffed up dictator, we still have people raising their “right” hand when swearing an oath, reflecting the “Rta” nature of the words “right” and “righteousness”.

And finally we have the Serbian mount “Rtanj” whose name seems to be related to this Sanskrit “Rta” meaning “righteousness” “truth” “cosmic order”. Its looked upon by its people as a mystical mountain and according to many the mountain is actually a pyramid. This connection between the Sanskrit “Rta” and the mystical mount “Rtanj” of Serbia once again highlights the ancient history between Vedic India and the ancient Slavik culture.

“From the fiercest heat were born divine law (rta) and truth (satya). Then night was created and so arose the ocean of flowing waters”. Rig Veda.

The Sanskrit “sac” has been described as “to connect (s) to that which moves around (ac)”. The Sanskrit dictionary defines “sac” as “to pursue” “to follow” “to accompany” “to serve” “to be attached to” “to belong to”.

From “sac” we get “saca” meaning “to worship” and “saci” meaning “to follow”. Lord Chaitanyas mother was “Sacimata” and the wife of Lord Indra is “Sacidevi”, the meaning seems to be “one who follows”. We also get “saciva” meaning “associate” “companion” “friend” and “sacana” meaning “kindly disposed” and “sacanas” meaning “harmonious”.

In Europe this Sanskrit “sac” meaning “to follow” becomes the root of the word “sequence” meaning “to follow”. In the language of Persia its a familiar theme as the Sanskrit “S” becomes a Persian “H” and so the Sanskrit “sacate” meaning “to follow” becomes the Persian “hacaiti” meaning “to follow”. Elsewhere it becomes the Old Irish “sechim” the Lithuanian “seku” the Indo/european “sekw” and the Latin “sequela” all meaning “to follow” and from this comes “subsequent” “non sequitur” “ensue” “sequential” “execute” “consequence” “prosecute” and “pursue” all related to this Sanskrit “sac” which forms the roots of these words.

In ancient times a “sign” from the heavens meant something good or bad was “to follow” hence “sign” meant “that which follows”. The origin of “sign” is the word “sequence” and as previously explained the root of “sequence” is the Sanskrit “sac”. From this comes “signal” “signature” “signify” “ensign” “significance” “cosign” “seal” “undersign” “countersign” “assign” “insignia” “resign” “consignment”.

The “seconds” upon a clock are also from this Sanskrit “sac” whose root produces the Latin “secundus” meaning “following” and this produces “secondary” “parsec” “secundine” and “nanosecond”

And finally this Sanskrit “sac” meaning “to follow” “to accompany” “to serve” becomes the Latin “socialis” meaning “companionship” “follower” “allies” and this produces the words “social” “society” “socialite” “socialism” “socialist” ect.

“Panini’s grammar is the earliest scientific grammar in the world, the earliest extant grammar of any language, and one of the greatest ever written. It was the discovery of Sanskrit by the West, at the end of the 18th century, and the study of Indian methods of analyzing language that revolutionized our study of language and grammar, and gave rise to our science of comparative philology. Walter Eugene Clark writes in The Legacy of India, p. 339-340

“Sac” also means “to follow” “to pursue” “to unite” and this produces “Saca” meaning “one who worships” and “Saci” meaning “together” and “Sacana” meaning “kindly disposed” and “Sacanas” meaning “to harmonise with”.

“Sac” becomes the root of the word “sequence” meaning “to follow” and this then gives us “subsequent” “non sequitur” “ensue“ “sequential” “consequence” “prosecute” “execute” and “pursue”.

“Sac” also becomes the unit of time known as a “second” meaning “following” and this gives us “secondary” “parsec” “nanosecond” “secundine”.

And finally “Sac” also becomes the word “sign” as it goes from “Sac” to “sequence” to “sign”. In ancient times a “sign” in the heavens meant something good or bad was to “follow” and so “sign” meant “that which follows”. This then produces “signal” “signature” “signify” “significance” “ensign” “cosign” “sain” “sigil” “seal” “undersign” “countersign” “assign” “insignia” “resign” “consignment”.

In Sanskrit we find the word “Siv” meaning “to sew” “to join” “to unite” “to darn”. From “Siv” we get “Siva” which as well as meaning “auspicious” means “stitcher” “sewer” reflecting perhaps his “uniting” “joining” capacity, symbolised as the “Yoni lingam”, the unification between father and the universal mother. We also get “Sivani” meaning “needle” and “Sivyati” meaning “stitch” “sew” “unite” “join”.

In Europe this “Siv” and “Sivyati” meaning “to sew” “to stitch” “to join” becomes the Slovenian - Sivati - Croatian - Sivati - Russian - Sshivat - Bosnian - Pro-sivati - Serbian - Pro-sivati - Bulgaria - Ushivam - All meaning “to sew” “to stitch” and all related to this Sanskrit “Siv” and “Sivyati” meaning “to sew” “to stitch” “to join”.

Throughout Europe we also find this “Siv” as their word for “Seam” “join“ - Russian - Sshivat - Slovenia - Siv - Bulgaria - Shev - Czech - Sev - Macedonia - Sev - Slovak - Sev - Ukraine - Shov - Croatia - Sav - Bosnia - Sav - Serbia - Sav - Latvian - Suve - All meaning “Seam” “join” and all reflecting the Sanskrit “Siv” meaning “sew” “stitch” “join”.

Both the words “Sew” and “Seam” are very much related to this Sanskrit “Siv”. In Europe the word “Sew“ appears as the Proto Germanic “Siwjanan” the Old English “Siwian”, the Latvian “Siuviu” the Latin “Suo” and from this appears the word “Sew” which seems to have come from this Sanskrit “Siv”. The word “Seam” has a similar etymology.

“In Sanskrit there is a root sound “Stha” from which you get many derivatives like “Sthana” which refers to a “place”, “Sthanu” which refers to a “pillar”, “Pratistha” meaning “foundation”, “Sthapana” meaning “keeping”, “Samstha” meaning “organisation” or “institution”, “Astha” meaning the “trust” we carry within ourselves. If you look at all the words derived from this root “Stha“ and look closely at the different meanings you can reduce them all into certain fundamental experiences, and these experiences related to “Stha” are a state where things are “immobile” it “does not move” so “immobility” is the primal meaning of the Sanskrit root “Stha”.“

“ Closely investigating this idea of “immobility” we will see that it includes “st-rength” sometimes we say he is so “st-rong” that i cannot move him or he is so ob-st-inate” that i cannot move him. So the idea of “immobility” “strength” “obstinacy” are related ideas as one idea leads to another, and if you pick up any word in English containing the word “St” either in the beginning, middle or end, you can see how this is related to the root “Stha” and “immobility“. “station” “stagnant” “stop” “start” “stay” “still” “stand“ “steel” “exist” “establishment” “obstinacy” “stasis” “static” “stanchion” “stature” “statue” “stale” “stable” “stalwart” “staunch” “stadium” “state” “stage” “institute” “constitute” “stool” “cost” “stud” “constant” and many more all related to the root sound “Stha” and this relationship is found throughout the other languages.“

From this “Stha” we get the word “stand”, there are over 100 words which contain this “stand” such as “bystander” “grandstand” “headstand” “withstand” “understand” throughout Europe a whole family of words are created using this Sanskrit “Stha” meaning “to stand” - stood - stead - di-stant - di-stance - stanchion - ob-stinate - con-stant - ob-stacle - sub-stance - static - stay - stator - steel - steer - armi-stice - starboard - stale - stage - stadium - e-state - stature - stool - stall - ec-stacy - pro-stitute - sy-stem - stat - thermo-stat.

Anastasia is a Greek word meaning “resurrection” its a popular name among Christians for obvious reasons. The name means “to stand up” hence “resurrection” and once again this Sanskrit “Stha” forms part of the word as in “Ana-sta-sia”.

The Latin “Apostate” means “one who has forsaken his religion”. Its completely Sanskrit as the “Apo” is from the Sanskrit “Apa” meaning “away” ”off” and the “state” is this Sanskrit “Stha” meaning “to stand”. The word “Apostate” means “to stand away” or “to stand off” from ones religion. We also have the Latin “Apostle” meaning “messenger”. The “Apo” is once again the Sanskrit “Apa” meaning “away” “off” and the “Stle” is the Indo/European “Stel” meaning “to stand” “to send” and this comes from the Sanskrit “Sthala” meaning “to stand firm” which is from the Sanskrit “Stha” meaning “to stand”. Although this Latin “Apostle” means “to send away” “to send off” its etymological structure is Sanskrit though the Sanskrit translation would be “to stand off”.

More words which are formed by this Sanskrit “Stha” meaning “stand” are - stalk - stanch - statue - stoa - resi-stance - ob-stetric - e-stablish - stud - stalwart - sub-stitute - peri-style - store - re-store - re-staurant - station - state - stem - stylite - stasis - stable - de-stination - stamen - stance - stanza - staunch - status - con-stitute - pre-sto - pro-state - meta-stasis - in-stitute - circum-stance - super-stition - in-stant.

Its an interesting observation that this “Stha” and “Sthana“ are seen throughout the world in all languages whether its a structure, a place or something which stands - Africa - Staan - Azerbaijan - Stend - Japanese - Sutando - Malta - Stand - Somali - I-staagid - Indonesian - Stan - All meaning “stand” and in Europe we see it in the Czech - Stani - Dutch - Staan - Norwegian - Sta - Romanian - Sta - Swedish - Sta - Slovak - Stanok - Slovenia - Stati - Russian - Stavit - Polish - Stac - Portuguese - E-stante - Spanish - E-stante - Greek - Stantza - Iceland - Standa - Irish - Stad - Italian - Stare - Latvian - Stavet - Lithuanian - Statyti - Macedonian - Stoi - Bosnian - Stand - Bulgarian - Shtand - Croatian - Stand - Danish - Stand - Germany - Stand - French - Station - Ukraine - Stavaty - All meaning “stand” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Stha” and “Sthana” meaning “stand”.

And as previously mentioned from “Stha” we get the Sanskrit “Sthana” meaning “place” “locality” “abode” “domain” “state” “region” “that which stands“ and this is then seen as the suffix for place names such as - Afghanistan - Turkistan - Kurdistan - Uzbekistan - Hindustan - Kazakstan - Pakistan and throughout Europe this “Stha” and “Sthana” is also the name for “place” - Bosnian - Stan - Croatia - Stan - Polish - Stanowisko - Serbian - Stan - Danish - Stationere - German - Statte - Irish - Stadas - Latin - Statuo - Latvian - No-stadit - Lithuania - Statyti - Norwegian - Stasted - Romania - Statiune - Russian - Stavit - Slovenia - Po-staviti - Slovak - Starost - Swedish - Stalla - Turkish - Statu - Ukraine - Stavyty - All meaning “place” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Stha” and “Sthana” meaning “place”.

The Sanskrit “Sthira” means “fixed” “immoveable” “firm” “strong”, the Sanskrit “Sthavira” means “solid” “ strong” “powerful” “thick”, the Sanskrit “Sthura” means “heavy” “big” “strong” “stout” “thick” “dense” and “bull”

In Europe they simply drop the “S” and this “Sthura“ becomes their name for “bull” - French - Taureau - Portugese - Touro - Romanian - Taur - Spanish - Tauro - Swedish - Tjur

From “Sthura” we also get the zodiac constellation “Taurus”. In his book “Biographies of words and the home of the Aryans” Professor Max Muller says “The Greek Tauros, the Latin Taurus and the Gothic Stiur need no foreign etymology, it is simply the Sanskrit Sthura which means strong like Sthavira and Sthira and is actually given as a name for bull by native lexicographers”.

As this Sanskrit “Sthura” becomes the Latin “Taurus” and the Greek “Tauros” its then seen in words such as the Minotaur - Toreador - Steer - and the Italian city of Turin is said to be from the same source.

Its also interesting that in Lithuania the word “Taurus” means “noble” “chivalrous” “noble minded” all of which reflect the Vedic conception of “bull” as the personification of Dharma.

The Vedas describe how within the fabric of nature there are three main influences known as the three modes of material nature. There is the mode of goodness known as “Sattva” which is presided over by Lord Visnu, we have the mode of passion known as “Rajas” which is presided over by Lord Brahma, and we have the mode of ignorance known as “Tamas” superintended by Lord Siva. Throughout our lives we attach ourselves to one or a combination of these three modes, Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.

“Tamas” as well as meaning “ignorance” also means “illusion” and “darkness”. This “Tamas” meaning “darkness” is seen throughout the European languages - Croatia - Tama - Czech - Tma - Bosnia - Tama - Russian - Tma - Ukraine - Tma - Serbia - Tama - Lithuania - Tamsus - Slovak - Tma - Slovenia - Temen - Latvia - Tumsa - Macedonia - Temen - Bulgaria - Tumen - Finnish - Tumna - All meaning “dark” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Tamas” meaning “the mode of darkness” which in the Vedas is presided over by Lord Siva who as “Nataraj” performs his dance of destruction at the onset of universal devastation.

The Sanskrit “Su” means “good” “excellent” “well”, the Sanskrit “Sukh” means “please” “comfort” “gladden”, the Sanskrit “Sukha” means “pleasure” “sweet” “happiness” “joy”.

From this Sanskrit “Sukha” meaning “sweet” “pleasure” “joy” we get the word “Sugar”. It travels from Sanskrit “Sukha” to Arabic “Sukkar” to Italian “Zucchere” to Spanish “Azucer” to French “Sucre” and finally the English “Sugar”.

The chemical compound of “Sugar“ which was known as “Saccarosio” comes from the Greek “Sakkharon” which is from the Latin “Saccharum” which is from the Pali “Sakkara” and whose ultimate source is the Sanskrit “Sarkara” meaning “gritty” “gravelly” “sugary”. Sometimes confusion arises between “Sarkara” and “Sukha” as to the source of the word “Sugar” however “Sugar” comes from the Sanskrit “Sukha” meaning “delight” “joy” “pleasure” “sweet” and the Sanskrit “Sarkara” gives us the name of the chemical compound of “Sugar” known as “Saccarosio” from which we get the word “Saccharin” used as a “Sugar” substitute.

The Sanskrit “Sarkara” is also seen in the word “Seersucker” a popular all cotton material. It literally means “milk and sugar” the “Seer” coming from the Sanskrit “Ksir” meaning “milk” and the “Sucker” from this Sanskrit “Sarkara” meaning “sugar”. Other words whose ultimate source is this Sanskrit “Sukha” and “Sarkara” are “Sugar” “Sugarplum” “Sucro” “Sucrose” and “Saccharine”.

“The Arabic word “Sukkar” which gave rise to the Italian “Zucchero” the Spanish “Azucer” and subsequently the French “Sucre” and the English “Sugar”, in all likelihood, given that sugar cane was originally from India, was borrowed from the Sanskrit root noun “Sukha” meaning “pleasant” or “sweet”, from the root “Suk/Sukh” meaning “to please” “to appreciate” - Indo - European languages - Sanskrit, Latin and Greek - Franco Rendich.

The consonant “T” in Sanskrit reflects the reality of motion, that which crosses between two points. This “T” becomes the root “Tr” which means “to cross over”.

“Tr” then becomes “Str” which means “scatter” “spread out” “strew”. Another meaning for this Sanskrit “Str” is “Star”, the ancients saw stars as celestial bodies which “crossed” the skies”. Its easy to see the relationship between “Star” and the other meanings for “Str” such as “scatter” “strew” and “spread out” as these are also the characteristics of stars.

The Sanskrit “Str” is the actual origin of the word “Star” and words such as “Aster” “Astral” “Asteroid” “Asterisk” “Astray” “Astrology” “Astrometry” “Astronaut” and “Astronomer” all reflect this Sanskrit “Str” which means “Star”.

From “Tr” which means “to cross over” we also get the Sanskrit “Tara” which means “Crossing”. “Tara” and “Tirtha” are pretty much the same, “Tirtha” meaning “a holy place” “a bridge” “a crossing” that which enables one to cross from the material to the spiritual.

Tara is also found in many ancient wisdom traditions, we have “golden Tara” from the Slavik tradition from which we get the Kingdom of Tartary which reflects “Tara“ and “Tarkh”. In the Buddhist tradition we also have “Tara” who is worshipped as a Bodhisattva Goddess. Once again her name means “she who enables one to cross from this material world to the nirvana of the spiritual realm”.

Similar to the Bodhisattvas are the “Avataras” those who cross down from the spiritual realm to this material world. “Avatara” contains two Sanskrit words “Ava” and “Tara”. Tara means “one who crosses” and “Ava” which is seen in the word “Avalanche” means “downwards” the word “Avatara” meaning “one who crosses downwards” and all this has come from the Sanskrit “T” which expresses a motion, that which crosses between two points and the Sanskrit root “Tr” which means “one who crosses over”. Yes it certainly seems that ’sew’ and ’seam’ have come from the sanskrit seevyati, syuta and seev, but i disagree on “seev” and “shiva” having the exact same meaning. Also “seevani” and “shivani” are from different roots, ss- and shh-, and one must note which syllable is being stressed upon within the word, eg. Iva-, Va- or vA-. You must either mention the devnagri lipi or the dictionary pronunciation, else english translation becomes erroneous in pronunciation and meaning! सव is not the same as शव. Hence सीव्यति, सिव, सीवनी have a different root from शिव, शिवानी! The meanings vary!

“Taks“ is a Sanskrit root which is described as “to move in several directions ( Aks ) between two points ( T ) “. The Sanskrit dictionary defines “Taks” as “cut” “carve” “form” “create” “fashion” “invent” “chizel”.

From Taks we get the Sanskrit “Taksati” which means the same “to cut” “to create” “to carve”. We also have “Taksaka” which means “carpenter” “woodcutter” and also “Taksya” which means “to be formed” “to be shaped”.

In Greece we see this Sanskrit “Taks” in the Greek “Tekton” meaning “woodworker” “carpenter”. We find it in the Greek “Teckne” meaning “skill” “craft” and also “Tekhikos” meaning “artistic” “skillful” from this we get the words “Technique” “Technician” and “Technology”.

In Latin this Sanskrit “Taks” which means “to create” “to form” is seen in the Latin “Texo” which means “to build” “to construct” “to weave” and from this we get the words “Textiles” and “Texture”.

So in this way we can see the relationship between this Sanskrit root “Taks” and European words such as “Textiles” “Technician” “Technology” and “Texture”.

“Tap” is a Sanskrit root which is described as “to purify (P) from one extreme to another (T). In the Sanskrit dictionary the definition of ”Tap” is “to be hot” “warming ones self” and “give out heat”.

The most obvious word to emerge from this “Tap” is “Tapas” a word known by many to mean “austerity” and which also means “fire” “heat” and “warmth”.

According to the Vedas this Universe is manifested from the performance of “Tapas” and in the Bhagavad Gita Krsna declares

“I am the original fragrance of the earth, I am the heat in fire, I am the life of all that lives and I am the penances (tapas) of all ascetics. Gita 7.9

From “Tap” we also get “Tapati” meaning “hot”, we get “Tapta” meaning “inflamed” “melted” and we get “Tapana” meaning “burning”.

Meanwhile in Europe we see this Sanskrit “Tap” meaning “Heat” and “Warmth” in the Greek “Tepor” and “Tepid” meaning “Lukewarm” and “moderate heat”. We also see it in the Latin “Tepidus” meaning “Warm”.

Throughout Europe the Sanskrit “Tap” becomes the Bosnian - Topao - Croatian - Topao - Bulgarian - Topul - Serbian - Topao - Macedonia - Topol - Slovak - Teplo - Slovenian - Topel - Ukraine - Teplo - Czech - Teply - All meaning “warm” “heat” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Tap” and “Tapas” meaning “warm” “heat” “fire” “austerity”.

From “Tap” we also get the Sanskrit “Tapta” meaning “melted” and this is also seen throughout the European languages - Bosnian - Topljen - Ukraine - Toplenyy - Bulgaria - Topen - Croatia - O-topljen - Macedonia - S-topi - Poland - Topiony - Romania - Topit - Russian - Toplenyy - Serbia - Topljeni - Slovak - Roz-topeny - All meaning “melted” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Tapta” meaning “melted”.

The Sanskrit “tu” means “to go” ”to do” “to have authority” ”to be strong”. The “t” means a “movement between two points” and the “u” as in “ooze” means “to spread” “to pervade” “to expand”.

From “tu” we get “tul” meaning “to pick up” “to raise” “to lift up” “to measure”, we get “tula” meaning “weight” “balance” “scale” “equality” “likeness” we get “tola” which is a “unit of weight“ and another word we get is the sacred plant “Tulasi”.

“Tula” meaning “scales” “balance” “equality” “likeness” also means “match”. This becomes “atula” meaning “matchless” “incomparable” and apparently this is the etymology of her name “Tulasi“. Her “matchless” qualities are in relation to her service to Visnu, “Tulasi” is the Goddess of fortune Lakshmidevi who was cursed to take birth on earth as a plant.

Satya Bhama, Krsnas wife, once weighed Krsna on a large set of scales pitting him against her legendary wealth. No matter how much gold she placed upon the scale Krsna moved not one inch. Eventually she ran out of gold and became distressed. Another of Krsnas wives, Rukmini, placed upon the pile of gold a single Tulasi leaf and Lord Krsna began to move. A Tulasi leaf offered with love and devotion means more to the Lord than all the wealth of the world such is the greatness of Tulasi.

In the Greek epic “Jason and the argonauts” we have the warrior “Telamon” whose name means “bearing the weight” hes often depicted in Greek architecture as a human column “bearing the weight” of the building, his name is from this Sanskrit “tula” meaning “weight”. Another famous Greek hero is “Atlas” whose name means “the bearer ( of heaven )” he is usually depicted “bearing” the world upon his shoulders and from “Atlas“ we get “atlantic” and “atlantis”.

We also have the tragic Greek hero “Tantalus” who was made to stand in a pool of water beneath a tree whose fruit always evaded his grasp, hence the meaning of the word “tantalise”. “Tantalus” means “one who has to bear much” and once again this is related to this Sanskrit “tula” meaning “weight”. And finally the Greek princess “Atalantos” the daughter of King Schoneus, was famous for her swiftness and feared as a fierce huntress, having grown up in the wilderness. Her name means “having the same value as a man” the “A” meaning “one” and “talanton” means “weight” “balance” “value”. Having “value” was also described as having “weight” as in “substance” and once again it reflects this Sanskrit “tula” meaning “weight” “balance” “scales”.

The Latin “latus” meaning “to bear” “to carry” “bourne” is also related to this Sanskrit “tula” meaning “weight”. Its seen in words such as “legislate”, the “leg” from “lex” meaning “law” and the “late” from this “latus” meaning “to bear” as in “to bear the law”. Other words are “oblation” “elation” “prelate” “prolate” “relate” “translate“ “superlative” “sublate” “dilate” “lateral” “latitude” “philately“ all reflecting this Sanskrit “tula” meaning “weight”. We also get “tolerate” meaning “a bearing” “own who bears” and “extol” the “ex” meaning “up” and the “tol” meaning “raise” as in “extolling” “raising up” all of which reflects this Sanskrit “tul” meaning “to raise” and tula” meaning “weight”.

The word “toll” seems to also have its origin in this Sanskrit “tula”. “Toll” may have originally meant “to bear the weight” as in to pay for the bridges and roads which “bear the weight”. We also have the saying “its taken its toll” a saying which can also be related to the “weight” of time or the “weight” of stress” or the “weight” of work all of which reflects this Sanskrit “tula” meaning “weight”. And finally in the Celtic language we have “tula” meaning “hill” reflecting this Sanskrit “tul” meaning “raised” “elevated” “lifted up”.

“ You are educated, you should try to understand our philosophy. There are so many things to be learned from our… They’re not sentimentally dancers only. They’ve got logic, philosophy, science, everything, otherwise how we are writing so many books? Just see, ancient word, how they are nicely, these two verses we have read. How full of meaning! Na yad vacas citra-padam harer yaso jagat-pavitram pragrnita karhicit tad vayasam tirtham usanti manasa (SB 1.5.10), each word has volumes of meanings. There are 18,000 verses in Srimad-Bhagavatam. And each word you’ll find enlivening. Each word. It’s such a nice literature. Srila Prabhupada (Room Conversation with Dr. Christian Hauser, Psychiatrist — September 10, 1973, Stockholm)

“Ud” is a Sanskrit word meaning “above” “upwards” “flow”. From “Ud” we get the Sanskrit “Uda” meaning “water” or “that which flows from above”. “Uda” then becomes the Sanskrit “Udaka” meaning “that which circulates (AK) from above (UD)” meaning “water”.

In Greece their original name for water was “Hudor” which is phonetically the same as the Sanskrit “Uda” meaning “Water”. The Greek “Hudor” then becomes “Hydr” and finally “Hydro” meaning “water”. There are over 200 words beginning with this “Hydro”, words such as “Hydrogen” “Hydroplane” “Hydrosphere” “Hydrometer” “Hydrotherapy” “Hydrospace” “Hydrology” all stemming from this Greek “Hudor” whose source is quite obviously the Sanskrit “Uda” meaning “water”.

We also have the Sanskrit “Udra” meaning “aquatic animal”, in Latin they have “Hydra” meaning “water serpent” and in Greece they have “Hydros” meaning “water serpent” all of whose source is this Sanskrit “Udra” meaning “aquatic animal”.

Throughout Europe we see this “Uda” meaning “water” reflected mainly throughout the Slavic languages. In Romania their word for “water” is “Uda” same as Sanskrit. In Latvia their name for water is “Udens” which reflects this Sanskrit “Uda”. Most of the Slavik nations however, add a Slavik “V” and so “Uda” becomes “Voda” - Croatia - Voda - Serbia - Voda - Bosnia - Voda - Macedonia - Voda - Czech - Voda - Slovenia - Voda - Polish - Woda - Russia Voda - Slovak - Voda - Ukraina - Voda - All meaning water and all from this Sanskrit “Uda” meaning “Water”.

Even the word “Vodka” which in Russia means “water” comes from this Sanskrit “Udaka” meaning the same and of course the word itself “water” has ultimately come from this Sanskrit “Uda” as it travels from “Uda” to “Voda” to “water”.

“The Panini grammar reflects the wondrous capacity of the human brain, which till today no other country has been able to produce except India.” Sir Monier-Williams  -  Orientalist, professor of Sanskrit at Oxford.

The letter “V” represents “division” “separation” “diffusion” the great symbol of “division” is Vyasadeva who “divided” the one Veda into four, his name “Vyas” meaning “to divide”.

“Va” is a Sanskrit root meaning “air” “wind” “blowing“ “diffusion” “going” “weaving” “ocean” “water” its a ”motion“ which “divides” “distinguishes” and “separates”, the “V” meaning “division” and the “A” meaning “motion” “action” “movement”.

From “Va” we get “Vata” meaning “wind” “air” the “Va” meaning “air” the “Ta” meaning “crosses” its actual meaning being “that which moves things”. “Vayu” is the “mover” he is the universal administrator who controls the “wind” the “Va” meaning “to go” “to move” “to separate” “to blow”.

“Vata” meaning “wind” is seen throughout the languages - Sanskrit - Vata - Persian - Vata - Macedonian - Veter - Russian - Veter - Serbian - Veter - Slovenia - Veter - Croatian - Vjetar - Bulgarian - Vyatur - Bosnian - Vjetar - Ukraine - Vitar - Czech - Vitr - Latvian - Vit - Lithuania - Vyti - Latin - Ventus - all meaning “wind” whose source is this Sanskrit “Vata” meaning “wind”.

“Vata” is also the source of the English “wind” as it becomes the Old Church Slavonic “Vetru” the Latin “Ventus” the Indo/European “Wento” the Proto Germanic “Windaz” and the Old English “Wind” and from this same source comes “Vent” and “Ventilate”.

We also get the Old Saxon God of the wind “Woden” his name derived from the Indo/European root “Wa” meaning “to blow” whose source is this Sanskrit “Va” meaning “to blow” and seen in the Sanskrit “Vata” meaning “wind”. In Germany the storm God was known as “Wode” its not so difficult to see how the Sanskrit “V” becomes a “W” and the Sanskrit “T” is transformed into a phonetically similar “D” hence “Vata” meaning “wind” becomes “Wode” the German wind God and the Old Saxon “Woden”. “Woden” who is immortalised in the fourth day of the week “Wednesday“ then becomes the Norse God “Odin” of which the source of both is this Sanskrit “Vata” meaning “wind”.

“We may examine the two sides of Woden’s character in turn, and first that suggested by those who derive the name Wodenaz from an Indo-European word which is also the parent of Sanskrit vata and Latin ventus meaning ‘wind’. Wodenaz would then be a god of wind and storm like the Hindu Vata, Lord of the Wind.” - The Lost Gods of England - Brian Branston, 1957.

“The primitive west Europeans had called the god Wodenaz. This later developed into Wuotan (Old High German) and Wodan (Old Saxon). It is generally believed that he was first thought of as a sky deity-perhaps a wind or storm god-with great wisdom, and with some sort of powers over life and death. This may be evidenced by the derivation of Wodenaz from an Indo-European word, parent also of the Sanskrit vata and the Latin ventus, both meaning ‘wind’. He could be compared to the Hindu Lord of the Wind, Vata, and the German storm giant Wode.” (Buckland’s Book of Saxon Witchcraft, Raymond Buckland, originally published in 1974) “ The Sanskrit which is available to us today in the form of Vedic Sanskrit or classic Sanskrit is not the original language from which all languages have come. Sri Aurobindo while speaking about this refers to a source language known as “Deva bhasa” and states it is from this Deva bhasa all languages have come.“

“ This original Deva bhasa contained the root sounds of all the languages and Sanskrit in its Vedic and classical form is very close to this original language and has preserved maximum force, spirit, flavour and root sounds of that original language called Deva bhasa. Not only the root sounds but the structure and the primitive nature of that language is contained within the Vedic language.“

Sarasvati is the Goddess of learning, the mother of the Vedas and she who delivers the Sanskrit language. She is also known as “Vak” the Goddess of speech, learning, wisdom and culture.

The Sanskrit dictionary defines “Vak” as “voice” “speech” “word”, from “Vac” we get “Vacana” meaning “eloquent”, we get “Vagnu” meaning “cry” “sound”, we get “Vakti” meaning “speech”, we get “Vaktr” meaning “speaker” and we get “Vaktra” meaning “mouth”.

In Europe this Sanskrit “Vac” meaning “voice” becomes the Latin “Vox” meaning “voice”, the Latin “Voco” meaning “to call”, the Latin “Vocabulum” meaning “name” ”appellation” and the Latin “Vocals” meaning “good voice” ”vowel”.

This Sanskrit “Vac” and subsequently the Latin “Voco” create a variety of words such as “Voice” “Vocal” “Vocabulary” “Vocation” “Vowel” “Vouch” “Convocation” “Revoke” “Invoke” “Evocation” “Advocate” “Vociferate” “Provoke” “Equivocal” these are just a few of many words whose roots are ultimately this Sanskrit “Vac” meaning “voice” “sound” “word”.

Throughout the rest of Europe this Sanskrit “Vak” is clearly seen in their languages as the word for “sound” - Serbia - Zvuk - Bulgaria - Zvuk - Bosnia - Zvuk - Croatia - Zvuk - Czech - Zvuk - Macedonia - Zvuk - Russia - Zvuk - Slovak - Zvok - Slovenia - Zvok - Ukraine - Zvok - All meaning “sound” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Vac” meaning “sound”. The adding of the letter “Z” to the word “Vuk” is seen in their word for “winter” which is “Zima” an obvious distortion of the Sanskrit “Hima” and so it is not uncommon for the Slavik languages to add the letter “Z” to a word.

The Sanskrit “Van” has been described as “to break away (V) from the vital energy (AN)“. The Sanskrit dictionary defines “Van” as “to love” “to worship” “to desire” “to conquer”.

From “Van” we have “Vanas” meaning “to desire” “to love”, we have “Ven” and “Venati” meaning “to care for” “to long for” and we have “Vena” meaning “loving” “desire” “longing”.

In Europe this “Ven” “Van” and “Vanas” meaning “love” “desire” becomes the Roman Goddess of love and the second planet from the Sun “Venus”. She is known as the mother of the Roman people and one of the most venerated of the Roman Gods. Its interesting that “Venus” is also the daughter of “Jupiter” whose name is the Sanskrit “Dyu-pita” meaning “father in heaven”.

We also get the words “Venerate” “Venusian” “Venial” “Vanari” “Venenum“ “Venery” “Venerial” “Venison” “Venom” and words such as “Wish” “Wean” “Wont” “Win” “Wine” “Vine” and also “Vanadis” another European God “Vanadis” being the Norse God of fertility “Freyja”.

“We find a Brahmanical influence among the Romans as well, their Gods and Goddesses have usually Vedic equivalents. Jupiter (Dyaus Pitar) is Indra, Venus (Vena) is Lakshmi, Mars (Marut) is Skanda, ect.” David Frawley - Gods, Sages and Kings, Vedic Secrets of Ancient Civilisations.

“Venereal can be traced to the Sanskrit “Van” “to love” “to honour” “to desire” which gave rise to a string of more or less related Latin words, including “Venus” “Veneris” meaning “beauty, pleasure or sex indulgence”. Medical Meanings - A Glossary of Word Origins - William S Haubrich.

“Vesta“ is the Roman Goddess of hearth, home and family, the famous temple of “Vesta” dates back to at least 700BC where the Romans worshipped her in the form of fire. The round structure of the temple reflected mans place within nature and the universe and the entrance which faced East symbolised our dependency upon the Sun and fire.

The guardians of “Vesta” were the “Vestal virgins” who between the age of six and ten would enter the temple and dedicate themselves to worshipping “Vesta” in the form of the sacred fire.

“Vesta” comes from the Sanskrit root “Vas” meaning “to light up” “to grow bright” “to shine” “to dwell” “home” and “abode”. The ancients saw “fire” and “home” as synonymous, in Vedic civilisation every home would have a fire which was part of their alter, without which it was not considered a home. And this is seen here in the European root “Ves” meaning “hearth and home” and personified in Rome as the Goddess “Vesta”.

From “Vas” we get “Vastu” meaning “becoming light” “dawning” “morning” “house” “abode” “wealth” and we get “Vasarhan” meaning “the light of dawn which destroys the nocturnal demons”.

In Europe this Sanskrit “Vas” is also the root of the Latin “Vespera” meaning “evening” and “evening star” its the root of “Vesuvius” the volcano east of Naples which was previously known as “Mount Soma”. The Romans worshipped “Vesuvius” as a divinty of nature representing fire, its also interesting that “Vesuvius” was located next to Naples whose name was originally “Neapolis” the “Nea” being the Sanskrit “Nava” meaning “new” and the “Polis” being the Sanskrit “Puri” meaning “city” its name meaning the “new city”.

We also get the Vedic Gods known as the “Vasus”. These are the elementary Gods known in the Vedas as “Agni” meaning “fire” “Prithvi” meaning “earth” “Vayu” meaning “wind” “Antariksha” meaning “space” “Aditya” meaning “Sun” “Dyaus” meaning “sky” “Chandaramas” meaning “moon” and “Nakstrani” meaning “stars”. These are the eight Vasus which represent the elements and forces of nature such as “earth” “water” “fire” “air” “day” “dawn” “pole star” “sun” “moon” ect, and in the Bhagavad Gita we find the following verse.

“Of all the Rudras i am Lord Siva, of the Yaksas and Rakshasas i am the Lord of wealth, Kuvera, of the Vasus i am Agni and of mountains i am Meru” Gita 10.23 The Sanscrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists; there is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothic and the Celtic, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanscrit; and the old Persian might be added to the same family. Sir Williams Jones.

The Sanskrit name for “widow” is “Vidhava”. This “Vidhava” we find reflected throughout the European languages - Czech - Vdova - Italian - Vedova - Slovak - Vdova - Slovenia - Vdova - Ukraine - Vdova - Russian - Vdova - Romania - Veduva - Macedonia - Vdovica - Polish - Wdowa - Serbia - Udovica - Croatia - Udovica - Bosnia - Udovica - Belorussia - Udava - Latin - Vidua - All meaning “widow” and all reflecting this Sanskrit “Vidhava” meaning “widow”.

The word itself “widow” follows a typical scenario, the Sanskrit “Vidhava“ travels through Persia as the Avesta “Vithava” and this then travels to Europe where the Sanskrit/Persian “V” becomes a European “W” which is quite common. We then get the Indo/European “Widhewo”, the Proto Germanic “Widuwo”, the Old Saxon “Widowa”, the Gothic “Widuwo”, the Dutch “Widewe”, the Old English “Widewe” and eventually “Widow” which is simply the Sanskrit “Vidhava” which has been transformed by changing the Sanskrit “V” into a European “W”.

“If I was asked what is the greatest treasure which India possesses and what is her greatest heritage, I would answer unhesitatingly that it is the Sanskrit language and literature and all that it contains. This is a magnificent inheritance, and so long as this endures and influences the life of our people, so long will the basic genius of India continue.” …India built up a magnificent language, Sanskrit, and through this language, and its art and architecture, it sent its vibrant message to far away countries. - Jawaharlal Nehru wrote in his Discovery of India.

The Sanskrit root “vrt” has been described as “to reach (r) by separating (v) two points (t). The Sanskrit dictionary defines it as “to turn” “to spin” “to roll” “to turn around”.

From “vrt” we get “vartate” meaning “to turn around”, we get “parivartate” meaning “to turn in a circle”, we get “varti” meaning “anything rolled” or “wrapped around”, we get “vartani” meaning “the circumference of a wheel” and we get “vartula” meaning “round” “circular”.

In Europe this “vrt” and “vart” meaning “to turn” becomes the Latin “vertere” meaning “to turn” “to turn around”. A common theme throughout Europe is where a Sanskrit “A” becomes a European “E”, we saw this in the previous posts where the Sanskrit “vas” becomes the European “ves” and the Sanskrit “van” becomes the European “ven”. Here they simply change the “A” into an “E” and “vart” becomes “vert” meaining “to turn” and from this we get European words such as “invert” “divert” “subvert” “revert” “convert” “extravert” “pervert” “introvert” “ambivert”, all meaning “to turn”, “invert” meaning “to turn inwards” “revert” meaning “to turn back” and “divert” meaning “to turn in another direction” all reflecting this Sanskrit “vrt” and “vart” meaning “to turn”.

We also get the Latin “vertex” meaning “that which turns” “whirlpool” “whirlwind” and this produces “vortex” meaning the same. We have many words which are produced by this Sanskrit “vart” and Latin “vert”, words such as “vertebrae” “vertical” “vertigo” “vertebrate” “versus” “avert” “covert” “advert” “poverty” “reverse” “verse” “averse” “wrist” “wry” ”wharf” “awry” “versify” “obverse” “perverse” “adverse” “diverse” “universe” “traverse” “inverse” “controversy” “multiverse” “transverse” and many more.

And finally we have the Latin “vermis” meaning “worm” or “that which turns”. The Sanskrit “vart” becomes the Latin “vert” and then “vermis” which then becomes the Proto Germanic “wurmiz”, the Old English “wurm” and finally “worm”. This produces words such as “vermin” “vermicular” “vermicelli” “vermeil”, ect.

Throughout the European languages this Sanskrit “vrt” and “vart” is seen as their word for “turn” - Serbia - vrteti - Bosnia - vrtjeti - Russia - vertet - Croatia - vertjeti - Lithuania - versti - Latvia - versties - Sweden - vrida - Dutch - verandering - Slovenia - vrteti - Bulgaria - vurtya - All meaning “to turn” and all coming from this Sanskrit “vrt” and “vart”.

“The affinity between the Greek language and the old Parsee and Sanskrit is certain and essential. The use of cognate idioms prove that the nations who used them to have descended from the same stock. That the religion of the Greeks emanated from an Eastern shore no-one will deny. We must therefore suppose the religion, as well as the language of Greece to have been derived, in great part, largely from the east”. Dr Prichard - Physical History Of Man.

White is the kind of word you would think eternally existed, its source however is Sveta and Svita, two Sanskrit words meaning white, bright, illuminate. In Russia their name for white is Tsvet, they simply stick a T at the beginning and the Sanskrit Svet becomes the Russian Tsvet, they do the same with the word Tsar pinching it from the Roman word Caesar. The Bulgarian language is Slavik and Sanskrit is found throughout, their name for white is Svetul, an obvious corruption of Sanskrit Sveta. Czechoslovakia is another Slavik language whose roots are Sanskrit, their name for white is Svetly another corruption of the Sanskrit Sveta and Svita meaning white.

The Sanskrit “Yava” means “warding off” “averting” “speed” “velocity”, the Sanskrit “Yavan” means “invader” “aggressor” “foe” “rider” “horseman” and from this we get the word “Yavana” meaning “Greek” “Ionian” “born in the land of the Yavanas” “swift horse” “swift” “quick”.

In the Srimad Bhagavatam Srila Prabhupada writes “Kirāta, Hūṇa, Āndhra, Pulinda, Pulkaśa, Ābhīra, Śumbha, Yavana, members of the Khasa races and even others addicted to sinful acts can be purified by taking shelter of the devotees of the Lord, due to His being the supreme power. I beg to offer my respectful obeisances unto Him”. SB 2.4.18

We must keep in mind that the Srimad Bhagavatam was written over 5000 years ago and the names “Turkey” and “Greece” most probably did not exist, and so the Bhagavatam is simply describing the different races which existed in that region some 5000 years ago.

The Bhagavatam finds support in the Biblical writings as the modern Hebrew name for Greece is “Yavan”, the Biblical Hebrew name for Greece is “Yawan”, the King James Bible refers to Greece as “Javan” and in Aramaic the name for Greece is “Yawan”.

In his purport to the above mentioned Bhagavatam verse, Srila Prabhupada writes “Yavana was the name of one of the sons of Mahārāja Yayāti who was given the part of the world known as Turkey to rule. Therefore the Turks are Yavanas due to being descendants of Mahārāja Yavana. The Yavanas were therefore kṣatriyas, and later on, by giving up the brahminical culture, they became mleccha-yavanas. Descriptions of the Yavanas are in the Mahābhārata (Ādi-parva 85.34)”. So although there seems to be a contradiction regarding who were the “Yavanas” the Greeks or the Turks, the fact is that 5000 years ago the civilisation which ruled that region of the world which is occupied by the Greeks and Turks were the “Yavanas” who were named after the Vedic King “Marharaj Yavana”.

Other parts of the world knew the Greeks by names which relate to the Greeks as “Ionians”. This name seems to be a corruption of “Yavana” as it goes from “Yavana” to “Yawanas” to “Iowanas” to “Yonas” to “Ionians”. These names are reflected in the Turkish “Yunanistan” meaning “the land of Ionia”, the Azerbaijan “Yunanistan”, the Indonesian “Yunan”, the Javanese “Yunan”, the Nepalese “Yunan”, In Persian its “Yunan” and the Kurdish people call it “Yewnanistan” all reflecting this “Ionia” whose source is most probably the Vedic “Yavana” named after the Vedic King Marharaj Yavana some 5000 years ago.

There is plenty of evidence that the word yellow comes from the Sanskrit Jval and Jvala which mean shine, glow, illumination. From Jval we get the European Ghel and from this we get the word yellow. Its very difficult to prove this, however there is the following quote from the elementmology and elements website “ The Germanic word gold was already used in the old Germanic languages, some of the modern languages use a derivation of it ( gaud in Dutch ). The root of gold is Gelwa, yellow, which comes from the Sanskrit “Jval” to shine. Literally gold means the yellow shining metal ”. Although at the moment there is not sufficient evidence to trace the colours of blue, green, black and yellow to a Sanskrit source or any other source, apart from PIE and Indo/European, there are plenty of colours i have mentioned whose roots are Sanskrit and once again demonstrates the global nature of this mother language.

The Sanskrit “Yu” means “soup” “broth” “separate” “mix”. “Yu” then becomes “Yusa” meaning “broth” “soup” “water in which various kinds of pulse have been boiled”.

Its a common theme where the “Y” replaces a “J” and this is reflected in some of the European languages which seem to have the same word for “broth” “soup” - Bosnia - Juha - Slovenia - Juha - Croatia - Juha - The old church Slavonic word for “soup” “broth” was Jusha which is pretty much the same as the Sanskrit “Yusa“ - The Latin word for “soup” “broth” was “ius” which is the same as the Sanskrit “Yus” - “Fish soup” in Lithuania is known as “Juse” which once again reflects this Sanskrit “Yus” and “Yusa”.

This “Yus” and “Yusa” are almost certainly the origin of the word “Juice”, whose original meaning was “liquid obtained by boiling herbs”. The Indo/European root for “Juice” is “Yeue” which is very similar to “Yus”. As previously stated the “Y” commonly interchanges with the letter “J” and so we have the French “Jus” which is simply the Sanskrit “Yus”. We have the Latin “Ius” which is also “Yus” think of the Latin word for “Jesus” which is “Iesus”. And so we have the French “Jus”, the Latin “Ius” and the Sanskrit “Yus” which are all the same word and it seems this “Juice” began its journey as “Yus” and became “Jus” “Juis” “Jouis” and finally “Juice”.

“The Vedic literature opens to us a chamber in the education of human race to which we can find no parallel anywhere else. Whoever cares for the historical growth of our language and thought, whoever cares for the first intelligent development of religion and mythology, whoever cares for the first foundation of Science, Astronomy, Metronomy, Grammar and Etymology, whoever cares for the first intimation of the first philosophical thoughts, for the first attempt at regulating family life, village life and state life as founded on religion, ceremonials, traditions and contact must in future pay full attention to the study of Vedic literature.” - Max Muller - India what it can teach us.

The “Yuvaraj” is a famous Sanskrit term meaning “young king” and “heir apparent”. It comes from the Sanskrit “Yuva” and “Yuvan” meaning “young” “youth” “youthful”. In Europe this Sanskrit “Yuvan” meaning “young” becomes the Latin “Juvenile” meaning “young”. A common morphology in languages is the “Y” becoming “J” and the “V” becoming “W” and as well as this Sanskrit “Yuvan” becoming the Latin “Juven” we can also see how the words “youth” and “young” originate from this Sanskrit “Yuvan”.

The Indo/European root for “youth” is “Yeu”, the Proto Germanic word is “Juwunga” which is pretty much “Yuvunga” reflecting this Sanskrit “Yuva” and “Yuvan”. As previously mentioned we have the Latin “Juvenis” which becomes “Juvenile” and once again this can be seen as “Yuvenis” which very much reflects the Sanskrit “Yuvan”. We then have the Slavonic “Junu”, the German “Jung” and then the “J” reverts back to “Y” and becomes “Young” and “Youth”. The source of these European words is undoubtedly this Sanskrit “Yuva” and “Yuvan” famously expressed in the Mahabharata as the “Yuvaraj” meaning the “young king” and “heir apparent”.

As with many Roman Gods, the God “Juventus” gets its name from Sanskrit, this “Juventus” meaning “young person” is simply “Yuventus” reflecting the Sanskrit “Yuva” and “Yuvan”. We also have the month of “June” whose source is yet another Roman Goddess namely the Goddess “Juno”. Her name means “the young one” and comes from this Sanskrit “Yuva” and “Yuvan” meaning “young”.

“”Since the Renaissance there has been no event of such worldwide significance in the history of culture as the discovery of Sanskrit literature in the latter part of the eighteenth century.” Arthur Anthony Macdonell Oxford professor of Sanskrit.